A new 2023 translation into American English from the original French manuscripts of Victor Hugo's classic 1831 "Notre-Dame of Paris" (Notre-Dame de Paris). This has historically been mistranslated as "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame", a liberty taken by Frederic Shoberl's 1833 translation into British English As this is a new, literal translation, the title is correctly translated here into English. Quasimodo is a major character in the novel, but the looming, physical presence of the cathedral is a central motif that is more foundational than the Hunchback himself, so it is important to keep the original title.