AP Chemistry Practice

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ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•

AP Chemistry Practice ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื”ืฉืžื”. ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช AP Chemistry Practice ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ AP Chemistry ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืชืจื’ื•ืœ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช, ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ AP ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืœื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื.

ืขื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ AP ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“. ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžื›ืœืœื” ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื”.

๐Ÿ“˜ ืžื” ืชืœืžื“ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ AP
1. ืžื‘ื ื” ืื˜ื•ืžื™ ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื

ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื™ื - ื‘ื•ื”ืจ, ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช.

ืชืฆื•ืจืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื - ืื•ืจื‘ื™ื˜ืœื™ื, ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”, ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืคืื•ืœื™.

ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช - ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ื ื•ืŸ, ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช, ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืื˜ื•ืžื™.

ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื” ืคื•ื˜ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ - ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ืช.

ืื™ื–ื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ืžืกื” - ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžืกื” ื•ืฉืคืข ืื˜ื•ืžื™ืช.

ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ - ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ืช.

2. ืžืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ืช ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ืช - ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช, ืžื‘ื ื™ ืกืจื™ื’ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœ.

ืงืฉืจ ืงื•ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ - ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉืจ, ื—ื•ื–ืง.

ืžื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ืื™ืก - ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืงื˜ื˜ื™ื, ืชื”ื•ื“ื”, ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื.

ืชื•ืจืช VSEPR - ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช.

ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉืจ - ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื.

ื”ื›ืœืื” โ€“ ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ sp, spยฒ, spยณ.

3. ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื

London Dispersion Forces - ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช.

ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคื•ืœ-ื“ื™ืคื•ืœ - ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.

ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืžืŸ - ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื.

ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื - ืžืชื— ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—, ืฆืžื™ื’ื•ืช, ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช.

ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื - ื’ื‘ื™ืฉื™, ืืžื•ืจืคื™, ืžืชื›ืชื™, ื™ื•ื ื™.

ืžืกื™ืกื•ืช - ืขืงืจื•ืŸ "ื›ืžื• ืžืชืžื•ืกืก ื›ืžื•".

4. ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” - ืกื™ื ืชื–ื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืง, ื‘ืขื™ืจื”, ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ.

ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ - ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืกื” ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช.

ืกื˜ื•ื›ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื” - ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉื•ืžื•ืช, ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'.

5. ืงื™ื ื˜ื™ืงื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” - ืจื™ื›ื•ื–, ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ.

ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื - ืชืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื–.

ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” - ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื–ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'.

6. ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” - ืงื™ื ื˜ื™ืช, ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช, ืชืจืžื™ืช, ื›ื™ืžื™ืช.

ื—ื•ืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื ืชืœืคื™ื” - ื—ื•ื ืฉื ืกืคื’ ืื• ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื•ื›ื•'.

7. ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ

ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ - ืงื“ื™ืžื” = ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืคื•ืš.

ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Le Chatelier - ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช.

ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ (K) - ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื.

ืžื ื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” (Q) - ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ.

ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืกื™ืกื•ืช (Ksp) - ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืขื™ื.

ืืคืงื˜ ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคื•ืฅ - ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืžืกื™ืกื•ืช.

8. ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื

ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืฆื”-ื‘ืกื™ืก - Arrhenius, Brรธnsted, Lewis ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช.

ื—ื–ืง ืžื•ืœ ื—ืœืฉ - ื™ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืœื ืžื•ืœ ื—ืœืงื™.

pH ื•-pOH - ืžืื–ื ื™ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืงืกื™ื“.

ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆืฅ - ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ pH ื™ืฆื™ื‘.

ื˜ื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื•ืช - ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ืœื•ืช.

ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื - ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘-pH.

9. ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื”

ืชืื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื - ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ - ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ.

ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช Nernst - ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ืžืชื— ื•ื›ื•'.

10. ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” (ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื)

ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช - ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืข, ื”ื™ืชื•ืš, ืจื™ืงื‘ื•ืŸ.

ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื - ืคื—ืžื™ืžื ื™ื, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช, ืื™ื–ื•ืžืจื™ื.

ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช - ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”, ื’ืฉื ื—ื•ืžืฆื™, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื•'.

๐ŸŒŸ ืœืžื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘-AP Chemistry Practice?

ืžื›ืกื” ืกื™ืœื‘ื•ืก ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ AP ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช.

ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, MCQs ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืชืจื’ื•ืœ.

ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขื ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”.

ืžืชืื™ื ืœืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.

๐Ÿ“ฅ ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ AP ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื!
ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš
2 ื‘ืื•ืงืณ 2025

ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื”ืžืคืชื— ืกื™ืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื.
ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื
ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื•ืžื–ื”ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืคื ื™ื

ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”

ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”
Manish Kumar
kumarmanish505770@gmail.com
Ward 10 AT - Partapur PO - Muktapur PS - Kalyanpur Samastipur, Bihar 848102 India
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