This quarterly progress report describes NBS activities directed toward the development of methods of measurement for semiconductor materials, process control, and devices. The emphasis is on silicon device technologies. Principal accomplishments during this reporting period include (1) completion of Hall effect measurements to determine activation energies of the gold donor and acceptor levels in silicon; (2) successful direct measurement of fast interface state density with the circular CCD test structure; and (3) demonstration of the feasibility of the use of acoustic emission as a non-destructive means for testing individual beam-lead bonds.

Want to know how to use an electronic component? This first book of a three-volume set includes key information on electronics parts for your projects—complete with photographs, schematics, and diagrams. You’ll learn what each one does, how it works, why it’s useful, and what variants exist. No matter how much you know about electronics, you’ll find fascinating details you’ve never come across before.

Convenient, concise, well-organized, and precise

Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips—whether you’re refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require.

Unique: the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumes Incredibly detailed: includes information distilled from hundreds of sources Easy to browse: parts are clearly organized by component type Authoritative: fact-checked by expert advisors to ensure that the information is both current and accurate Reliable: a more consistent source of information than online sources, product datasheets, and manufacturer’s tutorials Instructive: each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workarounds Comprehensive: Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semi-conductors; Volume 2 includes integrated circuits, and light and sound sources; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices.

Want to know how to use an electronic component? This second book of a three-volume set includes key information on electronics parts for your projects--complete with photographs, schematics, and diagrams. You'll learn what each one does, how it works, why it's useful, and what variants exist. No matter how much you know about electronics, you'll find fascinating details you've never come across before.

Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips--whether you're refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require.

Volume 2 covers signal processing, including LEDs, LCDs, audio, thyristors, digital logic, and amplification.

Unique: the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumesIncredibly detailed: includes information distilled from hundreds of sourcesEasy to browse: parts are clearly organized by component typeAuthoritative: fact-checked by expert advisors to ensure that the information is both current and accurateReliable: a more consistent source of information than online sources, product datasheets, and manufacturer's tutorialsInstructive: each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workaroundsComprehensive: Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semiconductors; Volume 2 includes LEDs, LCDs, audio, thyristors, digital logic, and amplification; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices.

The #1 Practical Guide to Signal Integrity Design—Now Updated with Extensive New Coverage!

This book brings together up-to-the-minute techniques for finding, fixing, and avoiding signal integrity problems in your design. Drawing on his work teaching more than five thousand engineers, world-class signal and power integrity expert Eric Bogatin systematically reviews the root causes of all six families of signal integrity problems and shows how to design them out early in the design cycle. This edition’s extensive new content includes a brand-new chapter on S-parameters in signal integrity applications, and another on power integrity and power distribution network design—topics at the forefront of contemporary electronics design.

Coverage includes 
A fully up-to-date introduction to signal integrity and physical design How design and technology selection can make or break the performance of the power distribution network Exploration of key concepts, such as plane impedance, spreading inductance, decoupling capacitors, and capacitor loop inductance Practical techniques for analyzing resistance, capacitance, inductance, and impedance Solving signal integrity problems via rules of thumb, analytic approximation, numerical simulation, and measurement Understanding how interconnect physical design impacts signal integrity Managing differential pairs and losses Harnessing the full power of S-parameters in high-speed serial link applications Ensuring power integrity throughout the entire power distribution path Realistic design guidelines for improving signal integrity, and much more Unlike books that concentrate on theoretical derivation and mathematical rigor, this book emphasizes intuitive understanding, practical tools, and engineering discipline. Designed for electronics industry professionals from beginners to experts it will be an invaluable resource for getting signal integrity designs right the first time, every time.

Revised and fully updated, the Second Edition of this textbook offers a comprehensive explanation of the technology and physics of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) such as infrared, visible-spectrum, ultraviolet, and white LEDs made from III–V semiconductors. The elementary properties of LEDs such as electrical and optical characteristics are reviewed, followed by the analysis of advanced device structures. With nine additional chapters, the treatment of LEDs has been vastly expanded, including new material on device packaging, reflectors, UV LEDs, III–V nitride materials, solid-state sources for illumination applications, and junction temperature. Radiative and non-radiative recombination dynamics, methods for improving light extraction, high-efficiency and high-power device designs, white-light emitters with wavelength-converting phosphor materials, optical reflectors, and spontaneous recombination in resonant-cavity structures, are discussed in detail. Fields related to solid-state lighting such as human vision, photometry, colorimetry, and color rendering are covered beyond the introductory level provided in the first edition. The applications of infrared and visible spectrum LEDs in silica fiber, plastic fiber, and free-space communication are also discussed. Semiconductor material data, device design data, and analytic formulae governing LED operation are provided. With exercises, solutions and illustrative examples, this textbook will be of interest to scientists and engineers working on LEDs, and to graduate students in electrical engineering, applied physics, and materials science.

Atmel's AVR microcontrollers are the chips that power Arduino, and are the go-to chip for many hobbyist and hardware hacking projects. In this book you'll set aside the layers of abstraction provided by the Arduino environment and learn how to program AVR microcontrollers directly. In doing so, you'll get closer to the chip and you'll be able to squeeze more power and features out of it.

Each chapter of this book is centered around projects that incorporate that particular microcontroller topic. Each project includes schematics, code, and illustrations of a working project.

Program a range of AVR chipsExtend and re-use other people’s code and circuitsInterface with USB, I2C, and SPI peripheral devicesLearn to access the full range of power and speed of the microcontrollerBuild projects including Cylon Eyes, a Square-Wave Organ, an AM Radio, a Passive Light-Sensor Alarm, Temperature Logger, and moreUnderstand what's happening behind the scenes even when using the Arduino IDE

Want to know how to use an electronic component? This third book of a three-volume set includes key information on electronics parts for your projects--complete with photographs, schematics, and diagrams. You'll learn what each one does, how it works, why it's useful, and what variants exist. No matter how much you know about electronics, you'll find fascinating details you've never come across before.

Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips--whether you're refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require.

Volume 3 covers components for sensing the physical world, including light, sound, heat, motion, ambient, and electrical sensors.

Unique: the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumesIncredibly detailed: includes information distilled from hundreds of sourcesEasy to browse: parts are clearly organized by component typeAuthoritative: fact-checked by expert advisors to ensure that the information is both current and accurateReliable: a more consistent source of information than online sources, product datasheets, and manufacturer's tutorialsInstructive: each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workaroundsComprehensive: Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semi-conductors; Volume 2 includes integrated circuits, and light and sound sources; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices.

Want to learn even more about electronics in a fun, hands-on way? If you finished the projects in Make: Electronics, or if you're already familiar with the material in that book, you're ready for Make: More Electronics. Right away, you'll start working on real projects, and you'll explore all the key components and essential principles through the book's collection of experiments. You'll build the circuits first, then learn the theory behind them!

This book picks up where Make: Electronics left off: you'll work with components like comparators, light sensors, higher-level logic chips, multiplexers, shift registers, encoders, decoders, and magnetic sensors. You'll also learn about topics like audio amplification, randomicity, as well as positive and negative feedback. With step-by-step instructions, and hundreds of color photographs and illustrations, this book will help you use -- and understand -- intermediate to advanced electronics concepts and techniques.

The Acclaimed RF Microelectronics Best-Seller, Expanded and Updated for the Newest Architectures, Circuits, and Devices

 

Wireless communication has become almost as ubiquitous as electricity, but RF design continues to challenge engineers and researchers. In the 15 years since the first edition of this classic text, the demand for higher performance has led to an explosive growth of RF design techniques. In RF Microelectronics, Second Edition, Behzad Razavi systematically teaches the fundamentals as well as the state-of-the-art developments in the analysis and design of RF circuits and transceivers.

 

Razavi has written the second edition to reflect today’s RF microelectronics, covering key topics in far greater detail. At nearly three times the length of the first edition, the second edition is an indispensable tome for both students and practicing engineers. With his lucid prose, Razavi now

Offers a stronger tutorial focus along with hundreds of examples and problems Teaches design as well as analysis with the aid of step-by-step design procedures and a chapter dedicated to the design of a dual-band WiFi transceiver Describes new design paradigms and analysis techniques for circuits such as low-noise amplifiers, mixers, oscillators, and frequency dividers 

This edition’s extensive coverage includes brand new chapters on mixers, passive devices, integer-N synthesizers, and fractional-N synthesizers. Razavi’s teachings culminate in a new chapter that begins with WiFi’s radio specifications and, step by step, designs the transceiver at the transistor level.

 

Coverage includes

Core RF principles, including noise and nonlinearity, with ties to analog design, microwave theory, and communication systems An intuitive treatment of modulation theory and wireless standards from the standpoint of the RF IC designer Transceiver architectures such as heterodyne, sliding-IF, directconversion, image-reject, and low-IF topologies. Low-noise amplifiers, including cascode common-gate and commonsource topologies, noise-cancelling schemes, and reactance-cancelling configurations Passive and active mixers, including their gain and noise analysis and new mixer topologies Voltage-controlled oscillators, phase noise mechanisms, and various VCO topologies dealing with noisepower-tuning trade-offs All-new coverage of passive devices, such as integrated inductors, MOS varactors, and transformers A chapter on the analysis and design of phase-locked loops with emphasis on low phase noise and low spur levels Two chapters on integer-N and fractional-N synthesizers, including the design of frequency dividers Power amplifier principles and circuit topologies along with transmitter architectures, such as polar modulation and outphasing

State-of-the-art JNB and SI Problem-Solving: Theory, Analysis, Methods, and Applications

 

Jitter, noise, and bit error (JNB) and signal integrity (SI) have become today‘s greatest challenges in high-speed digital design. Now, there’s a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to overcoming these challenges, direct from Dr. Mike Peng Li, cochair of the PCI Express jitter standard committee.

 

One of the field’s most respected experts, Li has brought together the latest theory, analysis, methods, and practical applications, demonstrating how to solve difficult JNB and SI problems in both link components and complete systems. Li introduces the fundamental terminology, definitions, and concepts associated with JNB and SI, as well as their sources and root causes. He guides readers from basic math, statistics, circuit and system models all the way through final applications. Emphasizing clock and serial data communications applications, he covers JNB and SI simulation, modeling, diagnostics, debugging, compliance testing, and much more.

 

 

Nanotechnology is already having a dramatic impact on improving water quality and the second edition of Nanotechnology Applications for Clean Water highlights both the challenges and the opportunities for nanotechnology to positively influence this area of environmental protection. This book presents detailed information on cutting-edge technologies, current research, and trends that may impact the success and uptake of the applications.

Recent advances show that many of the current problems with water quality can be addressed using nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, nanostructured catalytic membranes, and nanoparticle enhanced filtration. The book describes these technologies in detail and demonstrates how they can provide clean drinking water in both large scale water treatment plants and in point-of-use systems. In addition, the book addresses the societal factors that may affect widespread acceptance of the applications.

Sections are also featured on carbon nanotube arrays and graphene-based sensors for contaminant sensing, nanostructured membranes for water purification, and multifunctional materials in carbon microspheres for the remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Addresses both the technological aspects of delivering clean water supplies and the societal implications that affect take-upDetails how the technologies are applied in large-scale water treatment plants and in point-of-use systemsHighlights challenges and the opportunities for nanotechnology to positively influence this area of environmental protection

Interest in latchup is being renewed with the evolution of complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) scaling, and high-level system-on-chip (SOC) integration.

Clear methodologies that grant protection from latchup, with insight into the physics, technology and circuit issues involved, are in increasing demand.

This book describes CMOS and BiCMOS semiconductor technology and their sensitivity to present day latchup phenomena, from basic over-voltage and over-current conditions, single event latchup (SEL) and cable discharge events (CDE), to latchup domino phenomena. It contains chapters focusing on bipolar physics, latchup theory, latchup and guard ring characterization structures, characterization testing, product level test systems, product level testing and experimental results. Discussions on state-of-the-art semiconductor processes, design layout, and circuit level and system level latchup solutions are also included, as well as:

latchup semiconductor process solutions for both CMOS to BiCMOS, such as shallow trench, deep trench, retrograde wells, connecting implants, sub-collectors, heavily-doped buried layers,  and buried grids – from single- to triple-well CMOS;  practical latchup design methods, automated and bench-level latchup testing methods and techniques, latchup theory of logarithm resistance space, generalized alpha  (a) space, beta (b) space, new latchup design methods– connecting the theoretical to the practical analysis, and; examples of  latchup computer aided design (CAD) methodologies, from design rule checking (DRC) and logical-to-physical design,  to new latchup CAD methodologies that address latchup for internal and external latchup on a local as well as global design level.

Latchup acts as a companion text to the author’s series of books on ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection, serving as an invaluable reference for the professional semiconductor chip and system-level ESD engineer. Semiconductor device, process and circuit designers, and quality, reliability and failure analysis engineers will find it informative on the issues that confront modern CMOS technology.  Practitioners in the automotive and aerospace industries will also find it useful. In addition, its academic treatment will appeal to both senior and graduate students with interests in semiconductor process, device physics, computer aided design and design integration.

This book covers all aspects of the technology and physics of infrared, visible-spectrum, and white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made from III–V semiconductors. The book reviews elementary properties of LEDs such as the electrical and optical characteristics. The author also reviews advanced device physics including high-efficiency device designs, light extraction, radiative and non-radiative recombination dynamics, spontaneous recombination in resonant-cavity structures, and packaging. The reader is introduced to areas related to visible-spectrum and white LEDs such as human vision, photometry, colorimetry, and color rendering. Application of infrared and visible-spectrum LEDs in silica fiber, plastic fiber, and free-space communication is discussed. Extensive semiconductor material data, device design data, and analytic formulas governing the operation of LEDs are provided. Exercises and illustrative examples are used to reinforce the topics discussed. An introductory chapter reviews the historical developments and milestones of LED research and development. This textbook will be of interest to scientists and engineers working on LEDs, notably in lighting, illumination and signage, and also to graduate students in electrical engineering, applied physics, and materials science. 

This study is a theoretical investigation of the electronic and optical properties of intrinsic semiconductors using the orthogonal empirical tight binding model. An analysis of the bulk properties of semiconductors with the zincblende, diamond and rocksalt structures has been carried out. We have extended the work of others to higher order in the interaction integrals and derived new parameter sets for certain semiconductors which better fit the experimental data over the Brillouin zone. The Hamiltonian of the heterostructures is built up layer by layer from the parameters of the bulk constituents. The second part of this work examines a number of applications of the theory. We present a new microscopic derivation of the intervalley deformation potentials within the tight binding representation and computes a number of conduction-band deformation potentials of bulk semiconductors. We have also studied the electronic states in heterostructures and have shown theoretically the possibility of having barrier localization of above-barrier states in a multivalley heterostructure using a multiband calculation. Another result is the proposal for a new "type-II" lasing mechanism in short-period GaAs/AlAs superlattices. As for our work on the optical properties, a new formalism, based on the generalized Feynman-Hellmann theorem, for computing interband optical matrix elements has been obtained and has been used to compute the linear and second-order nonlinear optical properties of a number of bulk semiconductors and semiconductor heterostructures. In agreement with the one-band elective mass calculations of other groups, our more elaborate calculations show that the intersubband oscillator strengths of quantum wells can be greatly enhanced over the bulk interband values.

The peculiarities of materials at the nanoscale demand an interdisciplinary approach which can be difficult for students and researchers who are trained predominantly in a single field. A chemist might not have experience at working with cell cultures or a physicist may have no idea how to make the gold colloid they need for calibrating an atomic force microscope. The interdisciplinary approach of the book will help you to quickly synthesize information from multiple perspectives.

Nanoscience research is also characterized by rapid movement within disciplines. The amount of time it takes wading through papers and chasing down academics is frustrating and wasteful and our reviewers seem to suggest this work would give an excellent starting point for their work. The current source of published data is either in journal articles, which requires highly advanced knowledge of background information, or books on the subject, which can skim over the essential details of preparations. Having a cookbook to hand to flick through and from which you may select a preparation acts as a good source of contact both to researchers and those who supervise them alike.

This book therefore supports fundamental nanoscience experimentation. It is by intention much more user-friendly than traditional published works, which too-frequently assumes state of the art knowledge. Moreover you can pick up this book and find a synthesis to suit your needs without digging through specialist papers or tracking someone down who eventually may or may not be able to help. Once you have used the recipe the book would then act as a reference guide for how to analyze these materials and what to look out for.

100+ detailed recipes for synthesis of basic nanostructured materials, enables readers to pick up the book and get started on a preparation immediately.High fidelity images show how preparations should look rather than vague schematics or verbal descriptions.Sequential and user-friendly by design, so the reader won't get lost in overly detailed theory or miss out a step from ignorance. A cookbook, by design and structure the work is easy to use, familiar and compact.

This book focuses on the exciting topic on self-organized organic semiconductors – from materials to device applications. It offers up-to-date and accessible coverage of self-organized semiconductors for organic chemistry, polymer science, liquid crystals, materials science, material engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, optics, optic-electronics, nanotechnology and semiconductors. Chapters cover chemistry, physics, processing, and characterization. The applications include photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and transistors.

The Plain-English Guide to Electronics and Current Flow for Every PCB Designer

Today, PCB designers must deal with issues such as crosstalk and EMI-–issues that were once associated only with components. This requires electronics knowledge that many PCB designers never gain through formal training. In PCB Currents, renowned PCB designer Douglas Brooks teaches these essentials descriptively, in plain English, with as little reliance on mathematics as possible. Building on his widely praised seminars, Brooks explains what current is, how it flows, and how it reacts. He begins by reviewing the nature of current, and then explains current flow in basic circuits, discusses sources that supply and drive current, and addresses the unique problems associated with current on PCBs. Brooks concludes by thoroughly illuminating signal integrity issues caused by current flow. He offers practical design solutions for each common type of problem, as well as for complex challenges involving very high frequency harmonics and very short wavelengths.

Coverage includes

• Current: its fundamental nature, basic definitions, and key concepts

• Five fundamental laws of current, including Kirchoff’s law and Ohm’s law

• Basic circuit concepts: resistive circuits, reactive circuits, and impedance

• Voltage and current sources: Where electrons come from and why they move

• Current-related PCB issues: temperature, transmission lines, reflections, coupled currents, power distribution, skin effect, dielectric losses, and vias

• Solutions for signal integrity issues caused by current flow, from on-board inductance and apparent resistance changes to more complex problems

The text is written to be accessible and valuable for PCB designers at all levels of experience, whether they have engineering training or not.

 

Make: Sensors is the definitive introduction and guide to the sometimes-tricky world of using sensors to monitor the physical world. With dozens of projects and experiments for you to build, this book shows you how to build sensor projects with both Arduino and Raspberry Pi. Use Arduino when you need a low-power, low-complexity brain for your sensor, and choose Raspberry Pi when you need to perform additional processing using the Linux operating system running on that device.You'll learn about touch sensors, light sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetic sensors, as well as temperature, humidity, and gas sensors.

Want to know how to use an electronic component? This first book of a three-volume set includes key information on electronics parts for your projects—complete with photographs, schematics, and diagrams. You’ll learn what each one does, how it works, why it’s useful, and what variants exist. No matter how much you know about electronics, you’ll find fascinating details you’ve never come across before.

Convenient, concise, well-organized, and precise

Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips—whether you’re refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require.

Unique: the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumesIncredibly detailed: includes information distilled from hundreds of sourcesEasy to browse: parts are clearly organized by component typeAuthoritative: fact-checked by expert advisors to ensure that the information is both current and accurateReliable: a more consistent source of information than online sources, product datasheets, and manufacturer’s tutorialsInstructive: each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workaroundsComprehensive: Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semi-conductors; Volume 2 includes integrated circuits, and light and sound sources; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices.

The Third Edition of the standard textbook and reference in the field of semiconductor devices

This classic book has set the standard for advanced study and reference in the semiconductor device field. Now completely updated and reorganized to reflect the tremendous advances in device concepts and performance, this Third Edition remains the most detailed and exhaustive single source of information on the most important semiconductor devices. It gives readers immediate access to detailed descriptions of the underlying physics and performance characteristics of all major bipolar, field-effect, microwave, photonic, and sensor devices.

Designed for graduate textbook adoptions and reference needs, this new edition includes:

A complete update of the latest developments New devices such as three-dimensional MOSFETs, MODFETs, resonant-tunneling diodes, semiconductor sensors, quantum-cascade lasers, single-electron transistors, real-space transfer devices, and more Materials completely reorganized Problem sets at the end of each chapter All figures reproduced at the highest quality

Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Third Edition offers engineers, research scientists, faculty, and students a practical basis for understanding the most important devices in use today and for evaluating future device performance and limitations.

 A Solutions Manual is available from the editorial department.

The main objective of this comprehensive text is to introduce the students the physics and the operational principles as well as the characteristics, and applications of the microwave semiconductor devices. These devices are making a revolutionary change in the field of communication and radars. As a result of the accelerating rate of growth of microwave technology in research and industry, students, engineers and scientists need to understand the theoretical and experimental design and analysis of these devices. The book also deals with higher frequency microwaves called millimeter waves, which are finding wide applications in ground and satellite communication, radars and missile guidance. Millimeter wave system development is one of the most advanced technologies in radio science, especially in view of the ever increasing demand of communication and saturation of microwave frequency range with increasing number of channels. The book discusses in greater detail about the semiconductor devices such as IMPATT diodes, Gunn diodes, HEMT diodes and FET diodes. It emphasizes on various two and three terminal devices in the microwave and millimeter wave field based on silicon and Groups III-V compound semiconductors. The book is intended to serve as a textbook for undergraduate electronics and electrical engineering students and postgraduate students of physics. It would also be a valuable reference book for professional engineers and physicists.

Electronics Principles V10 - eBook covers all the topics of this popular software title used in schools and colleges worldwide for over twenty years and now available as PC, Tablet and Smartphone Apps.

See Additional Notes at the back of the book for instructions to download the accompanying interactive App which brings the 350+ topics to life by allowing you to insert your own values. Visually on a phone or tablet it looks almost identical to the eBook content, except you can input your own values which update the graphics and calculations to reflect these changes. There is also an optional comprehensive PC version to download with even more features both applications can be unlocked with your eBook purchase receipt for no additional charge.

A combined eBook, App and PC educational package at a tiny fraction of the previously published price.

Research on organic electronics (or plastic electronics) is driven by the need to create systems that are lightweight, unbreakable, and mechanically flexible. With the remarkable improvement in the performance of organic semiconductor materials during the past few decades, organic electronics appeal to innovative, practical, and broad-impact applications requiring large-area coverage, mechanical flexibility, low-temperature processing, and low cost. Thus, organic electronics appeal to a broad range of electronic devices and products including transistors, diodes, sensors, solar cells, lighting, displays, and electronic identification and tracking devices A number of commercial opportunities have been identified for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), ranging from flexible displays, electronic paper, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, smart cards, to low-cost disposable electronic products, and more are continually being invented as the technology matures. The potential applications for "plastic electronics" are huge but several technological hurdles must be overcome. In many of these applications, transistor serves as a fundamental building block to implement the necessary electronic functionality. Hence, research in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) or organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is eminently pertinent to the development and realization of organic electronics. This book presents a comprehensive investigation of the production and application of a variety of polymer based transistor devices and circuits. It begins with a detailed overview of Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFTs) and discusses the various possible fabrication methods reported so far. This is followed by two major sections on the choice, optimization and implementation of the gate dielectric material to be used. Details of the effects of processing on the efficiency of the contacts are then provided. The book concludes with a chapter on the integration of such devices to produce a variety of OTFT based circuits and systems. The key objective is to examine strategies to exploit existing materials and techniques to advance OTFT technology in device performance, device manufacture, and device integration. Finally, the collective knowledge from these investigations facilitates the integration of OTFTs into organic circuits, which is expected to contribute to the development of new generation of all-organic displays for communication devices and other pertinent applications. Overall, a major outcome of this work is that it provides an economical means for organic transistor and circuit integration, by enabling the use of a well-established PECVD infrastructure, while not compromising the performance of electronics. The techniques established here are not limited to use in OTFTs only; the organic semiconductor and SiNx combination can be used in other device structures (e.g., sensors, diodes, photovoltaics). Furthermore, the approach and strategy used for interface optimization can be extended to the development of other materials systems.

Many people think of Linux as a computer operating system, running on users' desktops and powering servers. But Linux can also be found inside many consumer electronics devices. Whether they're the brains of a cell phone, cable box, or exercise bike, embedded Linux systems blur the distinction between computer and device.

Many makers love microcontroller platforms such as Arduino, but as the complexity increases in their projects, they need more power for applications, such as computer vision. The BeagleBone is an embedded Linux board for makers. It's got built-in networking, many inputs and outputs, and a fast processor to handle demanding tasks. This book introduces you to both the original BeagleBone and the new BeagleBone Black and gets you started with projects that take advantage of the board's processing power and its ability to interface with the outside world.

It is beneficial for technical personnel working in the field of microelectronic, optoelectronic, and photonic semiconductor devices to get a good understanding of the physical foundations ofmodern semiconductor devices. Questions that technical personnel may ask are: How areelectrons propagating in the periodic potential of a semiconductor crystal lattice? What are thefoundations of semiconductor heterostructure devices? How does quantum mechanics relateto semiconductor heterostructure devices? This book tries to answer questions such as these.
The book provides a basis for the understanding of modern semiconductor devices that havedimensions in the nanometer range, i.e. comparable to the electron de Broglie wavelength. Classical and semi-classical physics no longer gives a full description of a number of physicalprocesses. The inclusion of quantum mechanical principles becomes mandatory and provides a useful description of many physical processes in electronic, optoelectronic, and photonic heterostructure devices.
The first part of the book (Chapters 1 – 11) teaches quantum-mechanical principles, including the postulates of quantum mechanics, operators, the uncertainty principle, the Schrödinger equation, non-periodic and periodic potentials, quantum wells, and perturbation theory. The second part of the book (Chapters 12 – 20) applies these principles to semiconductor devices and discusses the density of states, semiconductor statistics, carrier concentrations, doping, tunneling, and some aspects of heterostructure devices.
The book may be of particular interest to individuals working in the fields of microelectronics, optoelectronics, and photonics with an educational background in Electrical Engineering, Applied Physics, or Materials Science.

Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety, Second Edition focuses not only on the impact of nanotechnology and the discipline of nanotoxicity, but also explains each of these disciplines through in the context of management requirements and via risk scenarios — providing an overview of regulation, risk management, and exposure. Contributors thoroughly explain environmental health and safety (EHS) issues, financial implications, foreseeable risks (e.g., exposure, dose, hazards of nanomaterials), occupational hygiene, and consumer protection.

Key new chapters have been included covering eco-toxicity, nanomedicine, informatics, and future threats. New case studies have also been added, including a chapter on the impact of nanosilver on the environment, as well as an assessment of how well lessons have been learned from the past, such as in the case of asbestos. The book also makes a business case for the importance of proactive EHS management - essential reading for existing or prospective producers of nanoscale products.

Practical guidance on risk management and mitigation across different legislative frameworks worldwideReviews toxicological studies and industrial initiatives, supported by numerous case studiesIncludes extensive new material on the implications of nanotechnology for medicine, energy and food, as well as assessing future threats.

Nanomaterial technologies can be used to fabricate high-performance biomaterials with tailored physical, chemical, and biological properties. They are therefore an area of interest for emerging biomedical technologies such as scaffolding, tissue regeneration, and controlled drug delivery. Nanomaterials in tissue engineering explores the fabrication of a variety of nanomaterials and the use of these materials across a range of tissue engineering applications.

Part one focuses on the fabrication of nanomaterials for tissue engineering applications and includes chapters on engineering nanoporous biomaterials, layer-by-layer self-assembly techniques for nanostructured devices, and the synthesis of carbon based nanomaterials. Part two goes on to highlight the application of nanomaterials in soft tissue engineering and includes chapters on cardiac, neural, and cartilage tissue engineering. Finally, the use of nanomaterials in hard tissue engineering applications, including bone, dental and craniofacial tissue engineering is discussed in part three.

Nanomaterials in tissue engineering is a standard reference for researchers and tissue engineers with an interest in nanomaterials, laboratories investigating biomaterials, and academics interested in materials science, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering and biological sciences.Explores the fabrication of a variety of nanomaterials and their use across a range of tissue engineering applicationsExamines engineering nanoporous biomaterials, layer-by-layer self-assembly techniques for nanostructured devices, and the synthesis of carbon based nanomaterialsHighlights the application of nanomaterials in soft tissue engineering and includes chapters on cardiac, neural, and cartilage tissue engineering

This book first provides a comprehensive coverage of state-of-the-art validation solutions based on real-time signal tracing to guarantee the correctness of VLSI circuits. The authors discuss several key challenges in post-silicon validation and provide automated solutions that are systematic and cost-effective. A series of automatic tracing solutions and innovative design for debug (DfD) techniques are described, including techniques for trace signal selection for enhancing visibility of functional errors, a multiplexed signal tracing strategy for improving functional error detection, a tracing solution for debugging electrical errors, an interconnection fabric for increasing data bandwidth and supporting multi-core debug, an interconnection fabric design and optimization technique to increase transfer flexibility and a DfD design and associated tracing solution for improving debug efficiency and expanding tracing window. The solutions presented in this book improve the validation quality of VLSI circuits, and ultimately enable the design and fabrication of reliable electronic devices.