Ari Sihvola (born 1951) received his doctorate in philosophy from the University of Helsinki on the subject of the political history of ideas in the 18th century. During his career, he worked as a counsellor (chief of training) at the Finnish Foreign Ministry and at HAUS Finnish Institute of Public Management, where he was responsible for the development of public administration organisations and personnel in Finland, Europe and the world. In addition, Dr. Sihvola worked as Principal Administrator at the European Commission in Brussels.