Individualized Binaural Technology: Measurement, Equalization and Perceptual Evaluation

· Aachener Beiträge zur Technischen Akustik Book 13 · Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
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About this ebook

In this work the importance of individualization in binaural technique
is investigated. The results extend the present knowledge on the
efficient measurement of individual head-related transfer functions
(HRTFs) and highlight the importance of individual equalization filters
in binaural reproduction, using both loudspeakers and headphones.
Moreover, an integrated framework for the calculation of such
equalization filters is presented.


An innovative measurement setup was developed to allow the fast
acquisition of individual HRTFs. The hardware was designed to be
compatible with the range extrapolation technique. An individual HRTF
dataset with 4000 directions can be measured in less than 6 minutes with
this new setup.


A framework was presented that integrates causality constraints to the
regularized frequency domain calculation of crosstalk cancellation (CTC)
filter. This framework also addresses the switching of active
loudspeakers applying a weighted filter calculation method. A sound
localization test showed that individualized CTC systems provide
performance similar to that of binaural listening while
nonindividualized CTC systems provide a significantly lower localization
performance.


Finally, a robust individual headphone equalization method was proposed.
Perceptual tests showed that, in all but one of the tested situations,
no audible differences between the original sound source and its
binaural auditory display could be perceived.


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