In Bullshit Jobs (2018), David Graeber expands on an essay he wrote in 2013 titled “On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs,” which was published in Strike! Graeber was surprised to receive numerous emails and messages from people who read the essay and were enlightened about the jobs they occupied. Graeber outlines the attributes of bullshit jobs, tackles the reasons for their proliferation, and offers a look at a future where bullshit jobs are nonexistent.