Automobile Engineering

ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
3.3
616 ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช
+50Kโ€
ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช
ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืชื•ื›ืŸ
ื›ื•ืœื
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš

ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•

ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจื›ื‘:

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ-ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื–ื• ื ื•ืฉืืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืขื 180+ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืคืชืงื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื’ืจืคื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื! .

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจื›ื‘ ื–ื• ืžื›ืกื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืžื• ืžื ื•ืข, ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื, ืžืฆืžื“, ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื•, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆืชื”, ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืจ, ื‘ื•ื›ื ื”, ื’ืœ ืืจื›ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืืจื–, ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™, ืกื•ืœืœื”, ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืขื™ื” ื•ื›ื•'.

ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื•ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช.

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขืŸ ืขื ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.

ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื:

ืžื ื•ืข:
โ‡ข ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื ื•ืขื™ื
โ‡ข ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื ื•ืข
โ‡ข ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช

ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื:
โ‡ข ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื
โ‡ข ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื
โ‡ข ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื

ืžึทืฆึฐืžึตื“:
โ‡ข ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืฆืžื“
โ‡ข ื—ืœืงื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆืžื“
โ‡ข ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฆืžื“
โ‡ข ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืฆืžื“

ืžึทื’ึฐื“ึตืฉื ื˜ื•ึผืจื‘ึผื•ึน:
โ‡ข ืžื”ื• ืžื’ื“ืฉ ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื•
โ‡ข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืฉ ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื•
โ‡ข ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืฉ ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื•

ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆืชื”:
โ‡ข ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆืชื”
โ‡ข ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆืชื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช
โ‡ข ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆืชื” ืœืœื ืžืคื™ืฅ (Dis)

ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸ:
โ‡ข ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืœื—ืฅ
โ‡ข ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืชื–ื•ืช

ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืจ:
โ‡ข ืžื”ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืจ?
โ‡ข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืจ?

ื‘ึผื•ึผื›ื ึธื”:
โ‡ข ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื›ื ื”
โ‡ข ืกื™ื›ืช ื‘ื•ื›ื ื”

ืฉืึดืœื“ึธื”:
โ‡ข ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื“ืช ืจื›ื‘
โ‡ข ืฉืœื“ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื’ื•ืฃ

ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™:
โ‡ข ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™
โ‡ข ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™
โ‡ข ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื:
1. ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
2. ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืกืชื•ื ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”
3. ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืกืชื•ื ืคืชื— ืงื‘ื•ืข (ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืคืชื— ืžืฆืžื“ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื)
4. ื”ืงื•ืžืคืจืกื•ืจ
5. ื”ืงื‘ืœ
6. ื”ืงื‘ืœ
7. ื”ืžืงืœื˜-ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉ/ืžืฆื‘ืจ
8. ืฉืกืชื•ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”/ืฉืกืชื•ื ืคืชื— ืงื‘ื•ืข
9. ื”ืžืื™ื™ื“
10. ื”ืชืงื ื™ ืื ื˜ื™-ืคืจื•ืกื˜
11. ืžืชื’ื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื
12. ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ
13. ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื“ื—ื™ืกืช ืื“ื™ื
14. ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
15. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจื›ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช
16. ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”
17. ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื“ ืœื—ืฅ
18. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ
19. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
20. ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืจืื™ื™ื”
21. ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
22. ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ
23. ืžื‘ื•ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื ื•ืžืกื” ืœืžืชื›ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืš ืงืฉืช ื’ื–-ืžืชื›ืช
24. ืžื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจื›ื‘
25. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื”ืจื›ื‘
26. ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
27. ืคืจื™ืกืช ืฉืœื“ืช ืจื›ื‘
28. ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘
29. ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘
30. ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืฆืžื“
31. ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™
32. ืกืจืŸ ืงื“ืžื™
33. ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ืช
34. ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื ื•ืข ื“ื™ื–ืœ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื
35. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ืฉื ื™ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช
36. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ืข ืจื‘ ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืกืคืง
37. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื ื•ืข
38. ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ
39. ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ
40. ืืจื›ื•ื‘ื”
41. ืจืืฉ ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ
42. ืื˜ืžื™ื
43. ื‘ื•ื›ื ื”
44. ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื›ื ื”
45. PIN ื‘ื•ื›ื ื”
46. โ€‹โ€‹ืžื•ื˜ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
47. ื’ืœ ืืจื›ื•ื‘ื”
48. ืฉืกืชื•ืžื™ื
49. ืชืจืฉื™ื ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช
50. ื’ืœื’ืœ ืชื ื•ืคื”
51. ืกืขืคื•ืช
52. ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ
53. ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
54. ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืข
55. ืžืืžืฅ ืžืฉื™ื›ื”
56. ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ื“
57. ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื
58. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ื“
59. ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.

ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื•ืจืกื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื ืฉืœื— ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื•ื”ืฆืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ืืฉืžื— ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืœืš ืื•ืชื.
ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš
22 ื‘ืื•ื’ืณ 2025

ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื”ืžืคืชื— ืกื™ืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื.
ืœื ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื
ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืคื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื”
ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช

3.4
597 ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช