Comp Organization Architecture

NUPUIT

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

Inhlangano Yekhompyutha kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwezakhiwo Zokuhlolwa Prep Pro

Izici ezibalulekile zalolu hlelo lokusebenza:
• Kwimodi yokuzilolonga ungabona incazelo echaza impendulo efanele.
• Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kwesitayela sokuhlolwa okuyinhlekisa ngesibonisi esinesikhathi
• Ikhono lokuzenzela inhlekisa esheshayo ngokukhetha inombolo yama-MCQ’s.
• Ungakha iphrofayela yakho futhi ubone umlando wakho wemiphumela ngokuchofoza okukodwa nje.
• Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luqukethe inombolo enkulu yemibuzo esethiwe ehlanganisa yonke indawo yesilabhasi.

Isakhiwo sokuqala sekhompiyutha esibhaliwe sasisezincwadini phakathi kukaCharles Babbage no-Ada Lovelace, echaza injini yokuhlaziya. Ngenkathi akha ikhompuyutha i-Z1 ngo-1936, u-Konrad Zuse wachaza ezinhlelweni ezimbili zelungelo lobunikazi kumaphrojekthi akhe wesikhathi esizayo ukuthi imiyalelo yomshini ingagcinwa kusitoreji esifanayo esisetshenziselwa idatha, okungukuthi umqondo wohlelo olugciniwe. Ezinye izibonelo ezimbili zakuqala nezibalulekile yilezi:

Iphepha lika-John von Neumann lango-1945, Uhlaka Lokuqala Lombiko nge-EDVAC, olwaluchaza inhlangano yezinto ezinengqondo; kanye
I-Proposed Electronic Calculator ka-Alan Turing enemininingwane eminingi ye-Automatic Computing Engine, nayo yango-1945 futhi ecaphuna iphepha lika-John von Neumann.
Igama elithi “izakhiwo” ezincwadini zamakhompiyutha lingalandelelwa emsebenzini kaLyle R. Johnson kanye noFrederick P. Brooks, Jr., amalungu omnyango we-Machine Organization esikhungweni esikhulu socwaningo se-IBM ngo-1959. UJohnson waba nethuba lokubhala ubunikazi ukuxhumana ngocwaningo mayelana ne-Stretch, i-supercomputer eyakhiwe nge-IBM ye-Los Alamos National Laboratory (ngaleso sikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory). Ukuze achaze izinga lemininingwane yokuxoxisana ngekhompyutha ehlotshiswe ngokunethezeka, waphawula ukuthi incazelo yakhe yamafomethi, izinhlobo zemiyalelo, imingcele yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, nezithuthukisi zejubane zazisezingeni “lokwakhiwa kwesistimu” - igama elalibonakala liwusizo kakhulu “kunenhlangano yomshini. .”

Kamuva, u-Brooks, umklami we-Stretch, waqala iSahluko sesi-2 sencwadi (Ukuhlela Uhlelo Lwekhompyutha: Ukwelula Kwephrojekthi, ed. W. Buchholz, 1962) ngokubhala,
Isakhiwo sekhompiyutha, njengezinye izakhiwo, iwubuciko bokunquma izidingo zomsebenzisi wesakhiwo bese uklama ukuhlangabezana nalezo zidingo ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezithiyo zezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe.

UBrooks uqhubekile nokusiza ekuthuthukiseni i-IBM System/360 (manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-IBM zSeries) ulayini wamakhompyutha, lapho “izakhiwo” zaba ibizo elichaza “lokho umsebenzisi okudingeka akwazi”. Kamuva, abasebenzisi bamakhompyutha baqala ukusebenzisa leli gama izindlela eziningi ezingacacile.

Izakhiwo zekhompiyutha zakuqala zaklanywa ephepheni zase zakhiwa ngqo efomini lokugcina le-hardware. Kamuva, ama-prototypes e-architecture yekhompiyutha akhiwa ngokomzimba ngendlela yekhompyutha ye-transistor-transistor logic (TTL)—njenge-prototypes ye-6800 kanye ne-PA. -RISC-ihlolwe, futhi yashintshwa, ngaphambi kokuzibophezela efomini lokugcina lehadiwe. Kusukela ngawo-1990s, izakhiwo ezintsha zekhompyutha ngokuvamile "zakhiwa", zihlolwe, futhi zilungiswe-ngaphakathi kwezinye izakhiwo zekhompiyutha kusifanisi se-architecture yekhompyutha; noma ngaphakathi kwe-FPGA njenge-microprocessor ethambile; noma kokubili—ngaphambi kokuzibophezela efomini lokugcina lehadiwe.

Yini entsha

Comp Organization Architecture