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Helmut Hoffrichter

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

I-Astronavigation, cha ngiyabonga, ingeyasemnyuziyamu kudala. Kodwa lokhu akulungile. Emnyuziyamu kuyingxenye eyisicefe ngokwedlulele futhi esandile futhi esabalale ngendlela ye-graphic-based intercept yase-Saint Hilaire. Kungaba ubuwula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunganaki ukuzinikela ngokuphelele ohlelweni okuthi nakuba kushesha, kunembile futhi kukhululekile ukukusebenzisa, kwadalwa abantu futhi ukulahla ngokuphelele ilanga njengesiqondiso esithembekile. Ulwandle aluyona indawo ephephile.

Ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza kuthebhulethi noma i-smartphone, ukuzulazula kwezinkanyezi cishe kulula njengokuzulazula ngesathelayithi. Nokho, udinga i-sextant ngoba ilanga alidluliseli ibanga lalo endaweni yomuntu obukele ngomsakazo. Amasathelayithi kuphela angenza lokho. Ngamasathelayithi, indawo inganqunywa njalo ngomzuzwana futhi inembe kakhulu, okungenakwenzeka ngelanga. Kodwa lokho akubalulekile ohambweni olude lwasolwandle. Esikhathini esidlule, imikhumbi nayo yayihamba futhi ithole lapho iya khona.

Ngelanga, ukuzulazula kuphephile ngoba ngeke kudidaniswe nanoma iyiphi enye inkanyezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibilokhu iyinkanyezi ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzulazula kumatilosi, ibalwa ngaphezu kuka-90 % wakho konke ukuma. Izinkanyezi zingabonwa kuphela ngezikhathi ezimfushane zokuhwalala, ngoba kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho umkhathizwe ungabonakala khona.

Umsebenzi wohlelo lokusebenza usekelwe emsebenzini wesazi sezibalo saseJalimane esidumile uCarl Friedrich Gauss. Noma ubani angafunda ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela enembile emizuzwini embalwa. Ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa i-sextant, iqathaniswa nokuzulazula ngesathelayithi kumhleli weshadi.

I-Nautical Almanac ayidingeki futhi ukulungiswa kokufundwa kwe-sextant kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Umkhawulo ongaphezulu ekuphakameni kwelanga okufanele ukalwe akudingeki uhlonishwe futhi indawo yokubala efile ayidingekile. Umsebenzisi akadingi ukuba nolwazi lwezibalo noma isayensi yezinkanyezi futhi akadingi ukudweba lutho noma ukubhala okuthile phansi. Ukuze unqume indawo, kudingekile kuphela ukufaka ukuphakama kwelanga kufundwe kusukela ku-sextant ngezikhathi ezimbili ezihlukene. Uma kuqhathaniswa nazo zonke ezinye izindlela zokuzulazula zakudala, indlela ye-Gauss inokunemba okukhulu kakhulu. Ukuchezuka kwesikhundla ngokuvamile kubangelwa idatha engalungile yobude nezikhathi.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lufaneleka njengesipele uma kwenzeka ukuzulazula ngesathelayithi kungatholakali. Nge-sextant yepulasitiki eshibhile kanye nalolu hlelo lokusebenza, wonke ukapteni unohlelo lokuzulazula oluphuthumayo olungasetshenziswa ngokushesha ukuze ufike ngokuphephile kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Noma ubani oncamela ukuthola indlela ohambweni olude ngosizo lwemvelo futhi agxilise ukunaka kwakhe kakhulu endaweni ezungezile kunasesidwebeni seshadi angakwazi ekugcineni enze kanjalo ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza, ngaphandle kokuxazulula amafomula ayinkimbinkimbi, enze imidwebo noma acinge ematafuleni. .


Imisebenzi yohlelo lokusebenza yile:

1. Isiyingi sokuzulazula kwendawo
2. Ukucabangela ukushintsha kwezindawo
3. I-almanaka yelanga ene-<0.4' yokunemba
4. Ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kokufunda nge-sextant
5. Okubhekwe ngosuku olu-1 olulandelayo
6. Imephu yomhlaba eyisisekelo
7. Ukubhekwa esithweni selanga esingezansi
8. Ukuboniswa kwe-DR isikhundla

Inguqulo yobungcweti inemisebenzi eyengeziwe elandelayo:

1. Isistimu yesibili egcwele ngokugcwele yanoma yikuphi okokufaka
2. Ukufakwa kwe-latitude yasemini
3. Imojula yokubala efile yokurekhoda izinguquko zendawo
4. I-almanaka yelanga eno-0.1' ngokunemba
5. Okubhekwe ezinsukwini ezi-3 ezilandelayo
6. Landa amamephu anokucaca okuphezulu
7. Ukubuka futhi esithweni selanga esiphezulu
8. Ukukalwa kwebanga kanye nesifundo kuya kokuqondisiwe
9. Isibonisi sesikali kuzinga lokusondeza elingu-<50 NM
10. Ukuboniswa okuqhubekayo kwe-DMG, CMG ne-VMG