Books of the Ancient

Beerass

Iqukethe izikhangiso

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

Inkulumo ethi "Izincwadi Zasendulo" ibanzi futhi ingabhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zemibhalo yasendulo nezincwadi ezivela emasikweni nasezimpucukweni ezahlukene. Nazi ezinye izibonelo eziphawulekayo zemibhalo yakudala kanye nemibhalo yemibhalo evela ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba:

1. Imibhalo YaseGibhithe Yasendulo: Imibhalo Yephiramidi, Incwadi Yabafileyo, kanye Nemiyalelo ka-Amenemope ezinye zezibonelo zemibhalo yasendulo yenkolo nokuhlakanipha kwaseGibhithe.

2. Imibhalo YaseMesopotamiya: I-Epic of Gilgamesh ingenye yezincwadi ezindala kakhulu ezisekhona futhi ivela eMesopotamiya yasendulo. Kuyinkondlo eyingqophamlando ehlola izindikimba zobungane, ukufa, kanye nokufuna ukungafi.

3. Imibhalo Yasendulo YesiGreki: I-Iliad kanye ne-Odyssey, okuthiwa ekaHomer, iphakathi kwezincwadi ezidume kakhulu zemibhalo yasendulo yamaGreki, exoxa izindaba zeMpi YeThrojani kanye nohambo lweqhawe u-Odysseus lokuya ekhaya, ngokulandelana. Ezinye izincwadi zesiGreki eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa imidlalo yeshashalazi kaSophocles, Euripides, no-Aeschylus, kanye nezincwadi zefilosofi zikaPlato no-Aristotle.

4. Izincwadi Zasendulo ZaseNdiya: AmaVeda, kuhlanganise neRigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, ne-Atharvaveda, angeminye yemibhalo engcwele emidala kakhulu yobuHindu. I-Mahabharata kanye ne-Ramayana izinkondlo ezidumile ezibe nomthelela omkhulu esikweni lamaNdiya.

5. Imibhalo YaseShayina: I-Classic of Poetry (Shijing) ingenye yamaqoqo amadala ezinkondlo zesiShayina, asukela emuva ohlwini lozalo lukaZhou. Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile ihlanganisa imibhalo yeConfucian efana nemibhalo ye-Analects ne-Daoist efana ne-Dao De Jing.

6 ImiBhalo YesiHebheru: IBhayibheli lesiHeberu, elaziwa ngokuthi i-Tanakh, linemibhalo engokwenkolo nokulandisa okungokomlando, kuhlanganise neTorah (izincwadi ezinhlanu zokuqala), abaProfethi, neMibhalo.

7. Imibhalo YamaRoma Yasendulo: Izincwadi zababhali baseRoma abadumile abafana noVirgil (Aeneid), u-Ovid (Metamorphoses), noCicero (imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yefilosofi neyokukhuluma) ibe nomthelela ohlala njalo ezincwadini zaseNtshonalanga.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje, futhi kuneminye imibhalo eminingi yakudala kanye nemibhalo ephuma kumasiko nezimpucuko ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Ukufundwa kwezincwadi zakudala kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ezinkolelweni, ezimisweni, nasemikhubeni yemiphakathi yasendulo kanye negalelo layo ekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko nempucuko yabantu.