History of Qatar
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Umlando we-Qatar usukela esikhathini sokuqala sokuhlala kwabantu kuya ekwakhekeni kwayo njengezwe lesimanje. Ukuhlala kwabantu eQatar kwaqala eminyakeni engu-50,000 edlule, futhi kuye kwavubukulwa izindawo zokukanisa zeStone Age namathuluzi eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia. I-Mesophothamiya yaba impucuko yokuqala ukuba khona endaweni ngesikhathi se-Neolithic, okufakazelwa ukutholakala kwezindengezi ezivela enkathini ye-Ubaid eduze nenkambu yasogwini.
Le nhlonhlo yawela ngaphansi kombuso wemibuso eminingana eyahlukene phakathi neminyaka yayo yokuqala yokuhlala, kuhlanganise namaSeleucid, amaParthians namaSasanian. Ngo-628 AD, inani labantu langeniswa ku-Islam ngemuva kokuba u-Muhammad ethumele inxusa ku-Munzir ibn Sawa owayengumbusi wase-Sasanid wase-Eastern Arabia. Yaba isikhungo sokuhweba ngamaparele ngekhulu lesi-8. Inkathi yama-Abbasid yabona ukwanda kwezindawo zokuhlala eziningi. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-Bani Utbah nezinye izizwe zama-Arab zinqobe iBahrain ngo-1783, i-Al Khalifa yabeka igunya layo phezu kweBahrain nezwe laseQatar. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo, iQatar yayiyindawo yombango phakathi kweWahhabi yaseNajd kanye ne-Al Khalifa. Ama-Ottoman andisa umbuso wawo eMpumalanga Arabia ngo-1871, ahoxa endaweni ngo-1915 ngemva kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe I.
Ngo-1916, i-Qatar yaba isivikelo saseBrithani futhi u-Abdullah Al Thani wasayina isivumelwano esasibeka ukuthi anganikela kuphela indawo kwabaseBrithani ukuze athole ukuvikelwa kukho konke ukuhlukunyezwa olwandle nokusekelwa uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa komhlaba. Isivumelwano sika-1934 sanikeza isivikelo esibanzi. Ngo-1935, imvume kawoyela yeminyaka engama-75 yanikezwa iQatarEnergy futhi kwatholakala uwoyela osezingeni eliphakeme ngo-1940 eDukhan.
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1950 nawo-1960, ukwanda kwemali kawoyela kwaletha ukuchuma, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngokushesha, inqubekelaphambili enkulu yezenhlalo, kanye nokuqala komlando wezwe wanamuhla. Ngemuva kokuthi iBrithani imemezele inqubomgomo yokuqeda ubudlelwano besivumelwano ne-Persian Gulf sheikdoms ngo-1968, iQatar yajoyina ezinye izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalombili ngaleso sikhathi ezazingaphansi kokuvikelwa kweBritish ohlelweni lokwakha umfelandawonye wama-Arab Emirates. Maphakathi no-1971, njengoba usuku lokuqedwa kobudlelwano besivumelwano saseBrithani lwalusondela, abayisishiyagalolunye babengakavumelani ngemibandela yenyunyana. Ngokunjalo, iQatar yamemezela ukuzimela kwayo ngoSepthemba 3, 1971. NgoJuni 1995, iphini lika-Emir Hamad bin Khalifa waba undunankulu omusha ngemuva kukayise uKhalifa bin Hamad ekuketulweni umbuso ngaphandle kwegazi. I-emir ivumele abezindaba abakhululekile kanye nokhetho lomasipala njengesandulela sokhetho lwasephalamende. Umthethosisekelo omusha wavunywa ngereferendamu yomphakathi ngo-April 2003 futhi waqala ukusebenza ngoJuni 2005.
Le nhlonhlo yawela ngaphansi kombuso wemibuso eminingana eyahlukene phakathi neminyaka yayo yokuqala yokuhlala, kuhlanganise namaSeleucid, amaParthians namaSasanian. Ngo-628 AD, inani labantu langeniswa ku-Islam ngemuva kokuba u-Muhammad ethumele inxusa ku-Munzir ibn Sawa owayengumbusi wase-Sasanid wase-Eastern Arabia. Yaba isikhungo sokuhweba ngamaparele ngekhulu lesi-8. Inkathi yama-Abbasid yabona ukwanda kwezindawo zokuhlala eziningi. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-Bani Utbah nezinye izizwe zama-Arab zinqobe iBahrain ngo-1783, i-Al Khalifa yabeka igunya layo phezu kweBahrain nezwe laseQatar. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo, iQatar yayiyindawo yombango phakathi kweWahhabi yaseNajd kanye ne-Al Khalifa. Ama-Ottoman andisa umbuso wawo eMpumalanga Arabia ngo-1871, ahoxa endaweni ngo-1915 ngemva kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe I.
Ngo-1916, i-Qatar yaba isivikelo saseBrithani futhi u-Abdullah Al Thani wasayina isivumelwano esasibeka ukuthi anganikela kuphela indawo kwabaseBrithani ukuze athole ukuvikelwa kukho konke ukuhlukunyezwa olwandle nokusekelwa uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa komhlaba. Isivumelwano sika-1934 sanikeza isivikelo esibanzi. Ngo-1935, imvume kawoyela yeminyaka engama-75 yanikezwa iQatarEnergy futhi kwatholakala uwoyela osezingeni eliphakeme ngo-1940 eDukhan.
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1950 nawo-1960, ukwanda kwemali kawoyela kwaletha ukuchuma, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngokushesha, inqubekelaphambili enkulu yezenhlalo, kanye nokuqala komlando wezwe wanamuhla. Ngemuva kokuthi iBrithani imemezele inqubomgomo yokuqeda ubudlelwano besivumelwano ne-Persian Gulf sheikdoms ngo-1968, iQatar yajoyina ezinye izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalombili ngaleso sikhathi ezazingaphansi kokuvikelwa kweBritish ohlelweni lokwakha umfelandawonye wama-Arab Emirates. Maphakathi no-1971, njengoba usuku lokuqedwa kobudlelwano besivumelwano saseBrithani lwalusondela, abayisishiyagalolunye babengakavumelani ngemibandela yenyunyana. Ngokunjalo, iQatar yamemezela ukuzimela kwayo ngoSepthemba 3, 1971. NgoJuni 1995, iphini lika-Emir Hamad bin Khalifa waba undunankulu omusha ngemuva kukayise uKhalifa bin Hamad ekuketulweni umbuso ngaphandle kwegazi. I-emir ivumele abezindaba abakhululekile kanye nokhetho lomasipala njengesandulela sokhetho lwasephalamende. Umthethosisekelo omusha wavunywa ngereferendamu yomphakathi ngo-April 2003 futhi waqala ukusebenza ngoJuni 2005.
Kubuyekezwe ngo-
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