USA Constitution - Edu Guide
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Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu hlelo lokusebenza aluhlobene noma alumeleli noma iyiphi inhlangano kahulumeni. Kuyinkundla yangasese eyenzelwe Injongo Yezemfundo. Noma yiluphi ulwazi noma amasevisi ahlinzekwa yilolu hlelo lokusebenza awavunyelwe noma agunyazwe yinoma yisiphi isikhulu sikahulumeni. Umthombo wokuqukethwe: https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution
Umthethosisekelo wase-United States ungumthetho ophakeme we-United States of America. UMthethosisekelo, ohlanganisa izihloko eziyisikhombisa, uchaza uhlaka lukazwelonke lukahulumeni. Izihloko zayo ezintathu zokuqala zihlanganisa imfundiso yokwehlukaniswa kwamandla, lapho uhulumeni wobumbano uhlukaniswa waba amagatsha amathathu: umthetho, ohlanganisa iCongress of the bicameral (Isihloko Sokuqala); isigungu esiphezulu, esakhiwe umongameli (Isigaba Sesibili); kanye nezokwahlulela, ezihlanganisa iNkantolo Ephakeme nezinye izinkantolo zikahulumeni (Isigaba Sesithathu). Izihloko Zesine, Eyesihlanu, NeyesiThupha zihlanganisa imiqondo ye- federalism, echaza amalungelo nezibopho zohulumeni bezifundazwe, izifundazwe ezihlobene nohulumeni wobumbano, kanye nenqubo eyabiwe yokuchitshiyelwa komthethosisekelo. I-athikili Yesikhombisa isungula inqubo kamuva eyasetshenziswa imibuso eyishumi nantathu ukuyiqinisekisa. Uthathwa njengomthethosisekelo kazwelonke omdala kunayo yonke obhaliwe futhi ohlanganisiwe osebenzayo.
Selokhu uMthethosisekelo waqala ukusebenza ngowe-1789, usuchitshiyelwe izikhathi ezingama-27, okuhlanganisa nokuchitshiyelwa okukodwa okwachitha owangaphambili, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesizwe esishintshe kakhulu kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngokuvamile, izichibiyelo eziyishumi zokuqala, ezaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi uMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo, zinikeza ukuvikelwa okuqondile kwenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye nobulungiswa futhi zibeka imingcele emandleni kahulumeni.[6][7] Iningi lezichibiyelo zakamuva eziyishumi nesikhombisa zandisa ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu ngabanye. Ezinye zidingida izindaba ezihlobene neziphathimandla zikahulumeni noma ziguqule izinqubo nezinqubo zikahulumeni. Izichibiyelo zoMthethosisekelo wase-United States, ngokungafani nalezo ezenziwe emithethwenisisekelo eminingi emhlabeni wonke, zinezelwa kulo mbhalo. Wonke amakhasi amane[8] oMthethosisekelo wase-U.S. abhalwe esikhumbeni.
NgokweSigele Sase-United States: “Amagama amathathu okuqala oMthethosisekelo—Thina Bantu—aqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni wase-United States ukhona ukuze usize izakhamuzi zawo. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili uMthethosisekelo usasebenza ngoba abasunguli bawo bahlukanisa ngokuhlakanipha futhi balinganisela kuhulumeni. amandla okuvikela izintshisekelo zokubusa kweningi namalungelo abantu abambalwa, yenkululeko nokulingana, kanye nohulumeni wesifundazwe nowezifundazwe."[5] Umthethosisekelo wokuqala ongunaphakade walolu hlobo,[a] uhunyushwa, wengezwe, futhi usetshenziswe inhlangano enkulu yomthethosisekelo wenhlangano, futhi ibe nomthelela kumthethosisekelo wezinye izizwe eziningi njenge-Australia.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lunikeza ukwethula umthethosisekelo we-United States ngendlela Enhle futhi Elula Ukuyisebenzisa. Ezinye zezici zifaka:
1. Isebenza ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi naku-Flight mode
2. Imodi emnyama
3. Beka uphawu izindatshana zakho ozithandayo
4. Ungakwazi ukulandelela intuthuko yakho
5. Thola "Isihloko sosuku" njalo ekuseni
6. Inkinobho elula yokwabelana ngezindatshana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana/eziteshini zemiyalezo.
Umthethosisekelo wase-United States ungumthetho ophakeme we-United States of America. UMthethosisekelo, ohlanganisa izihloko eziyisikhombisa, uchaza uhlaka lukazwelonke lukahulumeni. Izihloko zayo ezintathu zokuqala zihlanganisa imfundiso yokwehlukaniswa kwamandla, lapho uhulumeni wobumbano uhlukaniswa waba amagatsha amathathu: umthetho, ohlanganisa iCongress of the bicameral (Isihloko Sokuqala); isigungu esiphezulu, esakhiwe umongameli (Isigaba Sesibili); kanye nezokwahlulela, ezihlanganisa iNkantolo Ephakeme nezinye izinkantolo zikahulumeni (Isigaba Sesithathu). Izihloko Zesine, Eyesihlanu, NeyesiThupha zihlanganisa imiqondo ye- federalism, echaza amalungelo nezibopho zohulumeni bezifundazwe, izifundazwe ezihlobene nohulumeni wobumbano, kanye nenqubo eyabiwe yokuchitshiyelwa komthethosisekelo. I-athikili Yesikhombisa isungula inqubo kamuva eyasetshenziswa imibuso eyishumi nantathu ukuyiqinisekisa. Uthathwa njengomthethosisekelo kazwelonke omdala kunayo yonke obhaliwe futhi ohlanganisiwe osebenzayo.
Selokhu uMthethosisekelo waqala ukusebenza ngowe-1789, usuchitshiyelwe izikhathi ezingama-27, okuhlanganisa nokuchitshiyelwa okukodwa okwachitha owangaphambili, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesizwe esishintshe kakhulu kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngokuvamile, izichibiyelo eziyishumi zokuqala, ezaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi uMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo, zinikeza ukuvikelwa okuqondile kwenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye nobulungiswa futhi zibeka imingcele emandleni kahulumeni.[6][7] Iningi lezichibiyelo zakamuva eziyishumi nesikhombisa zandisa ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu ngabanye. Ezinye zidingida izindaba ezihlobene neziphathimandla zikahulumeni noma ziguqule izinqubo nezinqubo zikahulumeni. Izichibiyelo zoMthethosisekelo wase-United States, ngokungafani nalezo ezenziwe emithethwenisisekelo eminingi emhlabeni wonke, zinezelwa kulo mbhalo. Wonke amakhasi amane[8] oMthethosisekelo wase-U.S. abhalwe esikhumbeni.
NgokweSigele Sase-United States: “Amagama amathathu okuqala oMthethosisekelo—Thina Bantu—aqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni wase-United States ukhona ukuze usize izakhamuzi zawo. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili uMthethosisekelo usasebenza ngoba abasunguli bawo bahlukanisa ngokuhlakanipha futhi balinganisela kuhulumeni. amandla okuvikela izintshisekelo zokubusa kweningi namalungelo abantu abambalwa, yenkululeko nokulingana, kanye nohulumeni wesifundazwe nowezifundazwe."[5] Umthethosisekelo wokuqala ongunaphakade walolu hlobo,[a] uhunyushwa, wengezwe, futhi usetshenziswe inhlangano enkulu yomthethosisekelo wenhlangano, futhi ibe nomthelela kumthethosisekelo wezinye izizwe eziningi njenge-Australia.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lunikeza ukwethula umthethosisekelo we-United States ngendlela Enhle futhi Elula Ukuyisebenzisa. Ezinye zezici zifaka:
1. Isebenza ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi naku-Flight mode
2. Imodi emnyama
3. Beka uphawu izindatshana zakho ozithandayo
4. Ungakwazi ukulandelela intuthuko yakho
5. Thola "Isihloko sosuku" njalo ekuseni
6. Inkinobho elula yokwabelana ngezindatshana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana/eziteshini zemiyalezo.
Kubuyekezwe ngo-
Ukuphepha kuqala ngokuqonda ukuthi onjiniyela baqoqa futhi babelane kanjani ngedatha yakho. Ubumfihlo bedatha nezinqubo zokuphepha zingahluka kuye ngokusebenzisa kwakho, isifunda, nobudala. Unjiniyela unikeze lolu lwazi futhi angalubuyekeza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
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