Building Construction Material

ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
4.0
1.14Kโ€ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช
+50Kโ€
ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช
ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืชื•ื›ืŸ
ื›ื•ืœื
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš

ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•

ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”: ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช
ืกืคืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืคื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช (CE) ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช.

ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช.

ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขืŸ ืขื ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื:
ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
ื˜ึฐื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ื
ืขืฆื™ื
ืขึตืฅ
ืฆึดื“ื•ึผื“
ืงึดื™ืจื•ึผื™
ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืขืฅ
ืขืฅ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง
ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžืขืฅ
ื‘ืจื’ื™ื
ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืขืฅ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขืฅ ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืืฉ
ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืฅ ื›ื‘ื“
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืขืฅ
ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจืฆืคื” ื•ืงื™ืจ, ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ื™
ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืชืจืžื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืขืฅ ื•ืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘: ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื”: ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืงืจืŸ
ื—ึฒืคึดื™ืจึธื”
ืื™ื˜ื•ื ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื–
ื‘ืกื™ืก ืจื“ื•ื“ ื•ืขืžื•ืง
ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืœืชื•ืช
ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืื‘ืŸ
ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื
ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืœื˜
ืžึตืกึทื‘
ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจืฆืคื” ื•ื’ื’ ื—ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจืฆืคื” ื•ื’ื’ ื“ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชืคืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืจ ืžื™ืกื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ืžืคืจืงื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ื—ึธื”
ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื’ื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง
ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ื™ืฆื™ืงืช ืœื•ื— ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืชื”
ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืกื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื”
ื™ืฆื™ืงืช ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™
ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืžืืจื– ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ
ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืคื ื™ื
ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืคืœื“ื”
ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช
ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ืคืœื“ื”
ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกื’ื•ืจ ืคืœื“ื”
ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื’
ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืœื“ื”
ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืœื“ื”
ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื“
ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืืจื™ื—ื™ ืงืจืžื™ืงื”
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื–ืงื•ืช
ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืื‘ืŸ
ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™
ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžืจืืฉ
ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืœื“ื”
ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืคืœื“ื” ืžื“ ืžื“
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืœื“ื” ืžื“ ืื•ืจ
ื’ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืกื’ื•ืจ ืคืœื“ื” ืžื“ ืžื“
ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
ืžืœื˜ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ื—ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ื˜ืคืกื•ืช



ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช :
* ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง
* ืคืจื™ืกืช ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขืฉื™ืจ
* ืžืฆื‘ ืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ื—
* ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
* ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“
* ื›ืกื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื
* ืงืœื™ืง ืื—ื“ ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจ
* ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืื ืœื ื™ื™ื“
* ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœื ื™ื™ื“

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื–ื•.

ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื•ืจืกื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื ืฉืœื— ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ืืฉืžื— ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืขื‘ื•ืจืš.

ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื•ื”ืฆืขื” ื™ืงืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš
22 ื‘ืื•ื’ืณ 2025

ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื”ืžืคืชื— ืกื™ืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื.
ืœื ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื
ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืคื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื”
ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช

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ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”

ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”
Bhanuben B. Thummar
georgydoki@gmail.com
India

โ€ซืขื•ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืช Engineering Wale Babaโ€Žโ€