Shum Bola: Milliy O'yin
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Xalqimizning ardoqli adibi Gʻafur Gʻulom qalamiga mansub boʻlmish “Shum bola” qissasini ayrimlar soddagina, faqat kulguli sarguzashtlardan iborat asar hisoblaydi. อัสลิดา ฮัมชุนดามี
“Shum bola” qissasi dastlab “Mushtum” juurnalida bosildi, soʻngra “Dovdirash” nomi bilan kitobcha holida nashr etilgan boʻldi.
Asarning dastlabki nashrlarida Achchiobod, Koʻkterak degan nomlar uchrasa-da, voqealarning qachon va qayerda boʻlib oʻtgani nomaʼlum edi. Asar boshida Soli, Toʻlagan degan bolalar tilga olinsa-da, keyin ular shu boʻyicha tushib qolar va Omon bilan Shum bolaning uchrashishlari tasodifiy roʻy berardi. Har holda asar umumiy oʻtmish haqidagi “choʻpchak” kabi taassurot uygʻotardi. “Bu falokatli ishni Yoʻldosh boshladi” degan gap bilan ekspozitsiyasiz boshlangan asarni konkret zamon va makon bilan bogʻlash qiyin edi. Keyin qayta ishlangan แปรผันda esa asosiy voqealar kechadigan joy koloriti va qahramonlar xarakterini shakllantiruvchi shart-sharoitlar tasvirlanadi. Bu yerda birinchi jahon urushi arafasidagi Toshkentning ijtimoiy qiyofasi chiziladi; shahar xalqining mashgʻuloti, ularning o'zaro munosabati, ongi, tushunchasi, boylar va kambagʻallarning, shaharning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, madaniy taraqqiyotini xarakterlovchi belgi-koloritlar beriladi.
“ราสทาลาร์ออบ ไกม็อก โบโซรินิง บุริลิชิดะ, มาห์คามานิง โบชิดะ, อิลโฮม ซาโมวาร์ชินิง คัตตาคอน โชยซานาซี โบลิบ, อันดา แกรมมาฟอน ชาลินาดี Turli plastinkalar orqali To'ychi hofiz, Hamroqul qori, Hoji Abdul-Aziz va Farg'ona yallachi xotinlari ketma-ket maqomlar, yallalar, ashulalar aytadi. Choyxonada joy yetishmaydi” deb boshlagan yozuvchi kitobxonni nayrangboz savdogarlar, “qaldirgʻoch suratli konyak” ichayotgan boyvachchalar, kambagʻal kosib va dehqonlar, bozorda sangʻib yurgan daydi bolalar, hatto, jinnilar bilan tanishtiradi, ularning aqldan ri. Masalan, ulardan biriga jinnilik “hukumatdan tekkan”, หลบเลี่ยง uchun Nikolay, Kaufman, Mochalov, Nabi kabi mirshablarni soʻkaveradi, deb taʼriflaydi
Shum bolaning soʻzi orqali aytilayotgan va tushuntirilayotgan bunday voqealar oʻsha davrdagi xalq ahvolini koʻrsatishda ayricha qimmatga egadir. Adib qissa personajlari boʻlmish bolalarning ota-onasi kasb-korini บายน กิลิบ, koʻpchiligi “bosmaxona va qandolatxona ishchilari edi”, deydi Shuningdek, yozuvchi Shum bolaning o'rtoqlariga, ularning ota-onalariga xos xususiyatlarga mahorat bilan chizgilar beradi. Eng muhimi, bu qissada bolalarning sayoq yurishi va oʻz boshlaridan har xil sarguzashtlar oʻtkazishining boisini ham ochib berib, Shum bolaning sarguzashtlari tarixiga hayotiy tus beradi. Yaʼni bunday zo'raki sarguzashtlar zamirida ogʻir turmush sharoiti yotganligini mohirona koʻrsatadi. Yozuvchi oʻsha davrda shaharda ishsizlik avj olishi tufayli bolalar tugul kattalar ham qiynalganini taʼkidlaydi. Kitobxon shum bolalarni, “ertadan kech koʻcha-kuyda sandiroqlab yuradigan uvin-toʻda bekorchilar”ni ko'rgach, ularning uyni tashlab chiqib ketib, oʻz boshlaridan katta sarguzashtlar oʻtkazishiga sira shubha qilmaydi. Qissaning dastlabki nusxasida Shum bolaning uch-toʻrt doʻsti tilga olinsa-da, ulardan faqat Omongina keyingi, qayta ishlangan nusxaga kiritilgan. ชุมโบลา อิกกิซี โซหิรัน กุลกูลี, โบตินาน กุสซาลี โบลกัน ฮังโกมาลาร์นี โบชดัน โอตคาซิชาดี
Yuqoridagi misollardan koʻrinib turibdiki, atoqli adib Gʻafur Gʻulomning “Shum bola” qissasi, shunchaki, Yengil-yelpi hangomalarga yoʻgʻrilgan asar emas. Uning zamirida yotgan achchiq haqiqat har bir oʻquvchini jiddiy oʻyga telliradi. เทกิชลี ซูโลซาลาร์ ชิคอริชกา อุนเดย์ดี
“Shum bola” qissasi dastlab “Mushtum” juurnalida bosildi, soʻngra “Dovdirash” nomi bilan kitobcha holida nashr etilgan boʻldi.
Asarning dastlabki nashrlarida Achchiobod, Koʻkterak degan nomlar uchrasa-da, voqealarning qachon va qayerda boʻlib oʻtgani nomaʼlum edi. Asar boshida Soli, Toʻlagan degan bolalar tilga olinsa-da, keyin ular shu boʻyicha tushib qolar va Omon bilan Shum bolaning uchrashishlari tasodifiy roʻy berardi. Har holda asar umumiy oʻtmish haqidagi “choʻpchak” kabi taassurot uygʻotardi. “Bu falokatli ishni Yoʻldosh boshladi” degan gap bilan ekspozitsiyasiz boshlangan asarni konkret zamon va makon bilan bogʻlash qiyin edi. Keyin qayta ishlangan แปรผันda esa asosiy voqealar kechadigan joy koloriti va qahramonlar xarakterini shakllantiruvchi shart-sharoitlar tasvirlanadi. Bu yerda birinchi jahon urushi arafasidagi Toshkentning ijtimoiy qiyofasi chiziladi; shahar xalqining mashgʻuloti, ularning o'zaro munosabati, ongi, tushunchasi, boylar va kambagʻallarning, shaharning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, madaniy taraqqiyotini xarakterlovchi belgi-koloritlar beriladi.
“ราสทาลาร์ออบ ไกม็อก โบโซรินิง บุริลิชิดะ, มาห์คามานิง โบชิดะ, อิลโฮม ซาโมวาร์ชินิง คัตตาคอน โชยซานาซี โบลิบ, อันดา แกรมมาฟอน ชาลินาดี Turli plastinkalar orqali To'ychi hofiz, Hamroqul qori, Hoji Abdul-Aziz va Farg'ona yallachi xotinlari ketma-ket maqomlar, yallalar, ashulalar aytadi. Choyxonada joy yetishmaydi” deb boshlagan yozuvchi kitobxonni nayrangboz savdogarlar, “qaldirgʻoch suratli konyak” ichayotgan boyvachchalar, kambagʻal kosib va dehqonlar, bozorda sangʻib yurgan daydi bolalar, hatto, jinnilar bilan tanishtiradi, ularning aqldan ri. Masalan, ulardan biriga jinnilik “hukumatdan tekkan”, หลบเลี่ยง uchun Nikolay, Kaufman, Mochalov, Nabi kabi mirshablarni soʻkaveradi, deb taʼriflaydi
Shum bolaning soʻzi orqali aytilayotgan va tushuntirilayotgan bunday voqealar oʻsha davrdagi xalq ahvolini koʻrsatishda ayricha qimmatga egadir. Adib qissa personajlari boʻlmish bolalarning ota-onasi kasb-korini บายน กิลิบ, koʻpchiligi “bosmaxona va qandolatxona ishchilari edi”, deydi Shuningdek, yozuvchi Shum bolaning o'rtoqlariga, ularning ota-onalariga xos xususiyatlarga mahorat bilan chizgilar beradi. Eng muhimi, bu qissada bolalarning sayoq yurishi va oʻz boshlaridan har xil sarguzashtlar oʻtkazishining boisini ham ochib berib, Shum bolaning sarguzashtlari tarixiga hayotiy tus beradi. Yaʼni bunday zo'raki sarguzashtlar zamirida ogʻir turmush sharoiti yotganligini mohirona koʻrsatadi. Yozuvchi oʻsha davrda shaharda ishsizlik avj olishi tufayli bolalar tugul kattalar ham qiynalganini taʼkidlaydi. Kitobxon shum bolalarni, “ertadan kech koʻcha-kuyda sandiroqlab yuradigan uvin-toʻda bekorchilar”ni ko'rgach, ularning uyni tashlab chiqib ketib, oʻz boshlaridan katta sarguzashtlar oʻtkazishiga sira shubha qilmaydi. Qissaning dastlabki nusxasida Shum bolaning uch-toʻrt doʻsti tilga olinsa-da, ulardan faqat Omongina keyingi, qayta ishlangan nusxaga kiritilgan. ชุมโบลา อิกกิซี โซหิรัน กุลกูลี, โบตินาน กุสซาลี โบลกัน ฮังโกมาลาร์นี โบชดัน โอตคาซิชาดี
Yuqoridagi misollardan koʻrinib turibdiki, atoqli adib Gʻafur Gʻulomning “Shum bola” qissasi, shunchaki, Yengil-yelpi hangomalarga yoʻgʻrilgan asar emas. Uning zamirida yotgan achchiq haqiqat har bir oʻquvchini jiddiy oʻyga telliradi. เทกิชลี ซูโลซาลาร์ ชิคอริชกา อุนเดย์ดี
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