A matemática do 6° ano

Prof. Carlos França

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lunikeza inkundla yokuba abafundi bafunde emibonweni yezinombolo ezingezinhle, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokukhipha. Ukucatshangwa okuyinhloko ukuthi kunoma iyiphi inombolo ephozithivu njengo-1, kukhona okuphambene, -1, maqondana nokwengeza, ngakho-ke 1 + (-1) = 0. Uziro uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-additive identity; ama-inverse abizwa ngokuthi ama-additive inverses.

Kuhlelo lokusebenza, ibhola eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka limelela iphozithivu; ibhola elibomvu limele negative. Ibhola eliluhlaza kanye nebhola elibomvu lilingana noziro, okusho ukuthi, bayakhanselana njengoba besondelana. Leli isu eliwusizo lokufunda nokufundisa imibono emikhulu ngemuva kwezinombolo eziphikayo. Leli su lisekelwe ebudlelwaneni obuphambene kuzibalo. Iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuchazeni izinkinga ezifana no-2 - (-3). Nakuba kulula ukusho ukuthi i-negative three iyafana nokuhlanganisa nokuthathu, akulula ukuchaza ukuthi kungani. Ngokusebenzisa okuphambene, sisengakwazi ukusebenzisa umqondo "wokususa njengokuthatha". Ukususa ama-negative amathathu kumaphozithivu amabili, sidinga ukungeza oziro abathathu ngendlela yokupheya okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuphambene nokubomvu. Kulokhu, sidinga ukwengeza amapheya amathathu amabhola aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nabomvu. Ngakho-ke, sikhipha amabhola amathathu abomvu, okusho ukuthi "susa susa okuthathu". Sisele namabhola amahlanu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okusho ukuthi umphumela uba ngamahlanu amahle.

Yebo, zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuchaza ukususa ngaphandle kwezinombolo ezingezinhle, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Ekugcineni, abafundi kufanele baqonde ukuthi, uma kubhekwa izinombolo ezimbili A no-B, u-A khipha B uyinombolo C kangangokuthi u-C kanye no-B ulingana no-A, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphozithivu noma unegethivu.

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