Prophet Muhammad

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Muhammad (Arabic: محمد; c. 570 - 8 Juni 632 [1]), igama eligcwele Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn'Abd Allāh Ibn'Abd al-Muṭṭalib Ibn Hāshim (isi-Arabhu: ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم , Ivuliwe: Ubaba kaQasim Muhammad indodana ka Abd Abd-Muttalib indodana kaHashim), waseMecca, i-Arabhiya eyumbumbene ekuziphatheni okungokwenkolo okungaphansi kwe-Islam. Ekholelwa amaSulumane namaBahá's ukuba abe ngumprofethi nesithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, Muhammad cishe cishe wonke umhlaba [n 1] abhekwa amaSulumane njengomprofethi wokugcina awuthunyelwe nguNkulunkulu kubantu. [2] [n 2] Nakuba amaSulumane ngokuvamile engaboni U-Muhammad njengomsunguli wamaSulumane, [3] amaSulumane amcabangela ukuthi ubuyisele ukukholwa okungokwenkolo kokuqala kuka-Adamu, u-Abrahama, uMose, uJesu, nabanye abaprofethi e-Islam. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Wazalwa cishe ngo-570 CE edolobheni lase-Arabia laseMecca, [8] [9] Muhammad wayeyizintandane esemncane; wakhuliswa ngaphansi komnumzane u-Abu Talib. Emva kokukhula kwakhe u-Muhammad ngokuyinhloko wayesebenza njengomthengisi. [10] Ngezinye izikhathi wayezobuyela emhumeni ezintabeni ngobusuku obuningana bokuhlukaniswa nokuthandaza; kamuva, eneminyaka engu-40 ubudala, wabika kule ndawo, [8] [11] ukuthi wavakashelwa uGabriel futhi wathola isambulo sakhe sokuqala esivela kuNkulunkulu. Eminyakeni emithathu emva kwalesi senzakalo uM Muhammad waqala ukushumayela lezi zambatho esidlangalaleni, ememezela ukuthi "uNkulunkulu unguMunye", ukuthi "ukuzinikela" okuphelele kuYe yindlela kuphela (dīn) [n 3] eyamukelekayo kuNkulunkulu, nokuthi wayengumprofethi nesithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, njengabanye abaprofethi bamaSulumane. [12] [13] [14]

Muhammad wathola abalandeli abambalwa ekuqaleni kwalokho, futhi wahlangana nobutha ezizweni ezithile zaseMeccan. Ukuze asinde ushushiso, Muhammad wathumela abanye abalandeli bakhe e-Abyssinia ngaphambi kokuba yena nabalandeli bakhe eMecca bathuthele eMedina (ngaleso sikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi yiYathrib) ngonyaka ka-622. Lo mcimbi, iHijra, ubonisa ukuqala kwekhalenda lamaSulumane, owaziwa nangokuthi Ikhalenda likaHijri. E-Medina, Muhammad wahlanganisa izizwe ngaphansi koMthethosisekelo waseMedina. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili elwa nezizwe zaseMeccan, uMuhammad wabutha ibutho lamaSulumane angu-10 000 abaguqula futhi bahamba edolobheni laseMecca. Lokhu kuhlasela kwakungenakuphikiswa futhi uMuhammad wathatha umuzi ngegazi elincane. Wabhubhisa izithombe ezingamakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisithupha zobuqaba eKaaba, edolobheni. [15] Ngo-632, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokubuyela eMedina kusukela eFulenberg Pilgrimage, u-Muhammad wagula wagula. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, iningi lenhlonipho yase-Arabia lase liphendukele e-Islam, futhi lahlangene ne-Arabhiya ibe nenhlonipho eyodwa yenkolo yamaSulumane. [16] [17]

Izambulo (ngamunye owaziwa ngokuthi u-Ayah, ukhuluma ngokuthi "Uphawu [lukaNkulunkulu]"), okushiwo uM Muhammad ukuthi wamukele kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, yakha amavesi e-Quran, abhekwa amaSulumane njenge "iZwi likaNkulunkulu" futhi lapho inkolo esekelwe. Ngaphandle kweQuran, izimfundiso kanye nemikhuba yama-Muhammad (i-sunnah), etholakala eHadith nasezincwadini ze-sira, nayo iphindwe amaSulumane futhi asetshenziswa njengemithombo yomthetho wamaSulumane (bheka Sharia). Nakuba imibono ka Muhammad eNgxenyeni yangeLobukholwa yayiyizinto ezimbi, ukuhlolwa komlando wanamuhla kuye kwaba kuhle kakhulu. [14] [18] Okunye ukuhlolwa kukaM Muhammad kuwo wonke umlando, njengalabo abatholakala e-China ephakathi, kuye kwaba nokuhle.


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