كتاب البخلاء للجاحظ

Alrawahi

Iqukethe izikhangiso

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

Le ncwadi esinayo ezandleni zethu iyincwadi equkethe umlando wokuphila oveza i-microcosm yekhulu lesibili nelesithathu AH, futhi iwumhlaba njengoba uchazwe ngokuqhathanisa nomhlaba ngesikhathi u-Al-Jahiz ehlala kuwo ingxenye encane yayo, kodwa inkulu ngesiko nokucatshangwa ukuthi iqukethe. Umphakathi waseBasra, ingxenye yomphakathi wamaSulumane owazuzwa ngaleso sikhathi, futhi kwakuyisiko lobuSulumane elaligcwele kuwo, ligeleza emithanjeni yabantu bakhona, lagcwala izimpilo zabo, futhi ladaywa ngodayi we Inkolo yamaSulumane, okwakuyisisekelo nesisekelo sayo, insimu yayo kanye nesibani sayo, futhi uMuqtada wayengumngane wayo.
Nakuba indaba yale ncwadi iwubuxhwanguxhwangu kanye nabantu abakhohlakele, okukuyo kukhulu kakhulu kunalokhu u-Al-Jahiz waqoqa kuyo indlela yokucabanga yeqembu labantu ababehlala eBasra ngezinsuku zakhe, futhi wathinta izindaba nezindaba ukuthi. wenza ngabo umgomo wencwadi, futhi izindaba zadlulela kwezinye izindaba kanye nezindaba eziphathelene nabantu abakhohlakele Babephila ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuSulumane, enkathini yokuqala ye-Islam, nangenkathi yobukhosi ba-Umayyad. inkathi ka-Al-Jahiz, eyabhalwa abantu abadumile nabaqavile, lapho babezitika ngobubi nobuxhwanguxhwangu, bahlanganisa konke ababekucabanga mayelana nezindaba ezisekela le ndlela ababeyikhetha ekuphileni, futhi u-Al-Jahiz akazange aneliseke ngayo. lokho.
Kunalokho, weza nomlayezo ophendula ubuxhwanguxhwangu, kanye nezingqwele zokuphana nokusebenzisa imali, futhi u-Al-Jahiz uyasichazela kukho konke lokhu ukuthi yena ukhetha ukuhleka kuphela, futhi noma ngabe ukuhleka kwenziwa ngenhloso futhi kubalwa, kuzenzakalela, futhi. akusiyo indawo yokuqala nezinga eliphezulu lokunakwa, ngoba ngemuva kwayo kunezinjongo zolimi nendlela eya olwazini kanye nemigomo okuqondiswe kuyo ukuhlaziya kwakhe ngokwengqondo nobuhlakani, futhi konke lokhu kusendwangu efihliwe ngaphandle. kumcabangi ojulile, ofuna ukuzicwilisa emicabangweni, ezinjongweni, kwifilosofi ka-Al-Jahiz, nangendlela abethula ngayo imibono, futhi lokhu kuyinto okungekho noyedwa okwazile ukuyifunda kuze kube namuhla ocwaningweni olubanzi nolubanzi olukhipha thina ingqikithi yokucabanga kuka-Al-Jahiz, kanye nesimo sefilosofi Yakhe nombono.