Surah Ikhlas

AppleKing

Iqukethe izikhangiso

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

I-Quran iwumbhalo wenkolo omaphakathi we-Islam, amaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi iyisambulo esivela kuNkulunkulu (Allah). Ithathwa kabanzi njengomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ezincwadini zesi-Arabhu zasendulo. Ihlelwe ngezahluko eziyi-114 (isurah (سور‎; ubunye:) سورة, sūrah)), aqukethe amavesi (āyāt (آيات; ubunye: آية, āyah)).

AmaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wembula ngomlomo iKurani kumprofethi wokugcina, uMuhammad, esebenzisa ingelosi enkulu uGabriel (Jibril), ngokwandayo phakathi nenkathi eyiminyaka engaba ngu-23, kusukela ngenyanga kaRamadan, lapho uMuhammad eneminyaka engu-40; futhi iphetha ngo-632, unyaka wokufa kwakhe. AmaSulumane abheka iQuran njengesimangaliso sikaMuhammad esibaluleke kakhulu; ubufakazi bobuphrofethi bakhe;[ kanye nesiphetho sochungechunge lwemiyalezo yaphezulu eqala ngalezo ezembulelwa u-Adamu, kuhlanganise neTawrah (iTorah), iZabur (“AmaHubo”) kanye ne-Injil (“iVangeli”). Igama elithi Quran livela izikhathi ezingaba ngu-70 embhalweni ngokwawo, kanti amanye amagama namagama kuthiwa abhekisela eQuran.

I-Quran icatshangwa amaSulumane ukuthi ayiphefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu nje, kodwa izwi likaNkulunkulu langempela. UMuhammad akazange abhale njengoba engazi ukuthi abhale kanjani. Ngokwesiko, abaningana babangane bakaMuhammad bakhonza njengababhali, beqopha izambulo. Ngemva nje kokufa komprofethi, iQuran yahlanganiswa abangane, ababeyibhale phansi noma bayibamba ngekhanda izingxenye zayo. U-Caliph Uthman wasungula inguqulo evamile, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Uthmanic codex, ngokuvamile ebhekwa njenge-archetype ye-Quran eyaziwa namuhla. Kukhona, nokho, ukufundwa okuhlukile, okunomehluko omncane kakhulu encazelweni.

I-Quran iqala ukujwayelana nezindaba ezinkulu ezilandiswa emibhalweni yeBhayibheli ne-apocrypha. Ifingqa ezinye, igxile kwezinye futhi, kwezinye izimo, iveze okunye ukulandisa nokuchazwa kwezenzakalo. I-Quran izichaza njengencwadi yokuqondisa isintu (2:185). Ngezinye izikhathi inikeza ukulandisa okuningiliziwe kwezenzakalo ezithile zomlando, futhi ngokuvamile igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuziphatha kwesenzakalo phezu kokulandelana kwaso kokulandisa.[28] Ukwengeza i-Quran ngezincazelo zezindaba ze-Quranic ezifihlekile, nezinqumo ezibuye zinikeze isisekelo se-sharia (umthetho wamaSulumane) emahlelweni amaningi amaSulumane, ama-hadith—amasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo nabhaliwe okukholelwa ukuthi achaza amagama nezenzo zikaMuhammad. Ngesikhathi somkhuleko, i-Quran ikhulunywa ngesi-Arabhu kuphela.

Umuntu obambe ngekhanda yonke iQuran ubizwa ngokuthi i-hafiz ('inkumbulo'). I-ayah (ivesi le-Quranic) ngezinye izikhathi lishiwo ngohlobo olukhethekile lokukhuluma olugcinelwe le njongo, olubizwa ngokuthi i-tajwid. Ngenyanga ye-Ramadan, amaSulumane ajwayele ukuqedela ukuphindaphinda kwe-Quran yonke ngesikhathi semithandazo ye-tarawih. Ukuze kwengezwe incazelo yevesi elithile le-Quranic, amaSulumane ancike ekuchazeni incazelo, noma ekuhlaziyeni (i-tafsir), esikhundleni sokuhunyushwa okuqondile kombhalo.