Chemical Elements

Verneri Hartus

Iqukethe izikhangisoUkuthenga ngaphakathi nohlelo

Mayelana nale geyimu

Izakhi zamakhemikhali yizinto ezingenakuhlukaniswa zibe izinto ezilula ngamakhemikhali. Ziyizingqimba eziyisisekelo zokwakha zento futhi ziyizingxenye eziyisisekelo zazo zonke izinto ezaziwayo endaweni yonke. Ama-elementi abonakala ngenani lamaphrothoni anawo ku-nuclei yawo ye-athomu, okubhekiselwa kuwo njengenombolo ye-athomu. I-elementi ngayinye inenombolo ye-athomu eyingqayizivele, futhi ama-elementi ahlelwa kuthebula le-periodic ngokusekelwe kunombolo ye-athomu ekhulayo.

Kusukela ekubuyekezweni kwami ​​kokugcina ngoSepthemba 2021, kunezinto ezaziwayo eziyi-118, ezingama-94 ezenzeka ngokwemvelo eMhlabeni kanti ezinye zenziwa ngokwenziwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga.

Izakhi zimelelwa ngezimpawu, ngokuvamile uhlamvu olulodwa noma ezimbili, ezisuselwe emagameni azo. Lezi zimpawu zisebenza njengenothi elifushane lezakhi, okwenza kube lula ukubhala amafomula amakhemikhali nokusabela. Uhlelo lwezimpawu zamakhemikhali lwahlongozwa okokuqala ngusokhemisi waseSweden u-Jöns Jacob Berzelius ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Izimpawu zezakhi zamakhemikhali zinemithetho nezimiso ezithile:

1. Uhlamvu lokuqala lophawu luhlala lunosonhlamvukazi, kuyilapho noma yiziphi izinhlamvu ezilandelayo zibhalwa ngofeleba abancane. Isibonelo, "H" imele i-hydrogen, futhi "He" imele i-helium.

2. Ezinye izimpawu zisuselwa egameni lesiNgisi le-elementi, njengokuthi "C" ye-carbon, "O" ye-oxygen, kanye no-"N" ye-nitrogen.

3. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zivela egameni lesiLatini noma lesiGreki lesici. Isibonelo, "Na" imele i-sodium (i-natrium ngesiLatini) futhi "Fe" imele insimbi (i-ferrum ngesiLatini).

4. Ezinye izakhi zinezimpawu ezisekelwe emagameni azo amadala. Isibonelo, elithi "Pb" limele ukuhola, elivela egameni lesiLatini elithi "plumbum."

5. Izakhi ezimbalwa zinezimpawu ezingahlobene ngokuqondile namagama azo. Isibonelo, "K" imele i-potassium, ephuma egameni lesiLatini elithi "kalium."

Ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu kwenza izibalo zamakhemikhali zibe lula, amafomula, nokuxhumana phakathi kososayensi nabafundi emkhakheni wamakhemikhali. Ngaphandle kwawo, amagama amakhemikhali bekuyodingeka abhalwe ngokugcwele, okungaba nzima futhi kuthambekele ekwenzeni amaphutha. Ukumiswa kwezimpawu zamakhemikhali kuthuthukisa ukucaca nokusebenza kahle kokuxhumana ngamakhemikhali futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo lwesayensi nokuqonda umhlaba wemvelo.

Kulo mdlalo, uzijwayeza ukukhumbula izimpawu zamakhemikhali zezakhi, eziwusizo ekufundeni i-chemistry.

Umdlalo uqukethe izakhi zamakhemikhali ezingama-30 ezivame kakhulu:
IHydrojeni - H
Helium - Yena
Lithium - Li
-Ikhabhoni - C
I-nitrogen - N
I-Oxygen - O
-Fluorine - F
-Neon - Ne
-Sodium - Na
I-Magnesium - Mg
-Aluminium - Al
-Silicon - Si
I-Phosphorus - P
Isibabule - S
-Chlorine - Cl
-Argon - Ar
I-Potassium - K
I-calcium - Ca
-Chromium-Cr
-Insimbi - Fe
-Nickel - Ni
-Ithusi - Cu
-Zinc - Zn
-Isiliva - Ag
-Tin - Sn
Iodine - I
Igolide - Au
I-Mercury - Hg
- Ukuhola - Pb
-Uranium - U

Izilimi ezingama-44:
-IsiBhunu - AF
-Arabic - AR
-Bengali -BN
-isiBulgaria -BG
-Catalan - CA
-IsiShayina - ZH & ZH-TW
-IsiCroatia - HR
-Czech - CS
-Danish - DA
-IsiDashi - NL
-IsiNgisi - EN
Isi-Estonian - ET
IsiFinnish - FI
IsiFulentshi - FR
IsiJalimane - GE
-IsiGreki - EL
-IsiHebheru - HE
-Hindi - HI
IsiHungary - HU
-Isi-Icelandic - IS
-Isi-Indonesian - ID
-IsiNtaliyane - IT
IsiJapane - JA
IsiKorea - KO
Isi-Latvian - LV
-Lithuanian - LT
-Norwegian - CHA
IsiPheresiya - FA
- IsiPolish - PL
IsiPutukezi - PT
IsiRomania - RO
IsiRashiya - RU
Isi-Serbian - SR
-Slovak - SK
IsiSlovenia - SL
-Spanishi - ES
-Swahili - SW
-IsiSwidi - SV
IsiThai - TH
IsiTurkey - TU
-Isi-Ukraine - UK
-Vietnamese -VI
IsiWelsh - CY