Edible mushroom

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I-encyclopedia enkulu "amakhowe adliwayo" - izincazelo nezithombe.

Kunamakhowe amaningi adliwayo atshalwa futhi avunwa emhlabeni wonke. Amakhowe anokunambitheka okukhethekile kanye nephunga, amanye awo ayizibiliboco futhi anenani eliphakeme kakhulu.

Ukudliwa kwamakhowe kunqunywa ukungabibikho komphumela onobuthi kubantu, ukunambitheka nephunga, ukudla kanye nenani lokupheka. Amakhowe aqukethe nama-enzyme (ikakhulukazi kuma-champignon) asheshisa ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate, futhi akhuthaze ukumuncwa okungcono kokudla.

Ngaphambi kokuba ucabange ukuthi noma yimaphi amakhowe asehlathini ayadliwa, kufanele akhonjwe. Ukukhonjwa okungalungile kwesikhunta ukuphela kwendlela ephephile yokuqinisekisa ukudleka kanye nokuvikeleka ezingozini ezingaba khona.

Amakhowe adliwayo ahlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ezivunwa endle noma ezitshaliwe.

Okudume kakhulu yi-Boletus edulis (cep, penny bun, porcino noma porcini). Njengoba ihlonishwa njengesithako ezitsheni ezihlukahlukene zokupheka, i-B. edulis iyikhowe elidliwayo elihlonishwa kakhulu ezitsheni eziningi zokudla, futhi livame ukuphekwa futhi lidliwe ngesobho, i-pasta, noma i-risotto. Ikhowe lincane ngamafutha kanye nama-carbohydrates agayekayo, futhi aphakeme ngamaprotheni, amavithamini, amaminerali kanye nefayibha yokudla.

I-Suillus uhlobo lwamakhowe adliwayo ngokulandelana kwe-Boletales. Yathola igama layo kusukela ekunamafutha ayo, ashelelayo kuya kukepisi lokuthinta. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-Suillus zinesikhumba esinamafinyila, esixebuka kalula. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Suillus ziyadliwa futhi zihlonishwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseSlavic, lapho ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi amakhowe ebhotela. Ngokuvamile zithathwa njengezinkinobho lapho inyama isaqinile.

I-Leccinum scabrum, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-rough-stemmed bolete, i-scaber stalk, ne-birch bolete, iyikhowe elidliwayo emndenini we-Boletaceae, futhi phambilini lalibhekwa njenge-Boletus scaber. I-birch bolete iyadliwa. Kungenziwa zifakwe emanzini anosawoti noma uviniga. Ibuye isetshenziswe ezitsheni ezixubile zamakhowe, ezithosiwe noma ezishisiwe.

I-Trüffel (i-Trüffel, i-tartufo, i-tartufolo, i-Tuber) iwuhlobo lwamakhowe e-marsupial anemizimba yezithelo engaphansi komhlaba ene-tuberous. Lezi yizinhlobo ezidliwayo ezithathwa njengezibiliboco. Banokunambitheka kwekhowe elinezinhlamvu ezijulile ezigazingiwe noma ama-walnuts kanye nephunga elinamandla lesici. Abahlonishwa kakhulu kubo: i-truffle yehlobo emnyama (Tuber aestivum), i-Périgord truffle emnyama (Tuber melanosporum).

I-Lactarius deliciosus, evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-saffron milk cap kanye namakhowe kaphayini obomvu, ingelinye lamalungu aziwa kakhulu ohlotsheni olukhulu lwekepisi lobisi i-Lactarius ngokulandelana kwe-Russulales. Izigqoko zobisi lwe-saffron zibonakala ngombala ophuzi-pinki noma owolintshi-obomvu kanye nokuba khona kwencindi ye-milky, enemibala ebomvu. Njengoba aziswa kakhulu njengamakhowe adliwayo emazweni amaningi, amanye abhekwa njengezibiliboco. Ikhowe likaphayini elibomvu lathola igama embaleni walo - umthunzi obomvu ogqamile, nobomvu.

Amakhowe ngokuvamile avamile, amakhulu kakhulu, futhi anemibala egqamile ahlanganisa uhlobo lwe-Russula olulodwa lwesizukulwane esibonakala kakhulu. Izici zabo ezibahlukanisayo zihlanganisa ngokuvamile amakepisi anemibala egqamile, ukuphrinta kwe-spore okumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi okumnyama, ama-brittle, ama-gill anamathiselwe, ukungabikho kwe-latex, nokungabikho kweveli eliyingxenye esiqwini. Amalungu ohlobo oluhlobene lwe-Lactarius anezici ezifanayo kodwa akhipha i-milky latex lapho amathambo awo ephukile.

Izinhlobo ze-Lactarius - i-genus, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ama-milk-caps, ibonakala ngoketshezi oluyi-milky ("latex") oluphumayo lapho isikiwe noma ilimele. Njengohlobo oluhlobene eduze neRussula, inyama yabo inokungaguquguquki okuhlukile. I-Lactarius ingenye yezinhlobo ezivelele kakhulu zesikhunta esakha amakhowe eNyakatho nenkabazwe.

Umhlahlandlela wamahhala "Amakhowe Adliwayo" uqukethe:
• umsebenzi wokusesha othuthukisiwe ngokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela - ukusesha kuzoqala futhi kubikezele igama njengoba ufaka umbhalo;
• ukusesha ngezwi;
• sebenza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi - isizindalwazi esihlinzekwe nohlelo aludingi uxhumano lwe-inthanethi lapho usesha.

Yini entsha

News:
- Added new descriptions;
- The database has been expanded;
- Improved performance;
- Fixed bugs.