1級土木施工管理学科過去問題/令和7年1次～平成23年

ソイルプランニング

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

Kokuhlolwa kuka-2026.

Kufaka phakathi imibuzo kusukela ezivivinyweni zika-2025 (Isigaba Sokuqala) kuya ku-2011 (Heisei 23).

Akukho ukuthenga noma izikhangiso ezingaphakathi nohlelo.

Umbuzo ngamunye wethulwa nesixhumanisi esicacile [Umbuzo ⇒ Impendulo] sokubuyekezwa okusheshayo nokulula.

Ikhasi lezimpendulo lifaka nombuzo wokuqala, okwenza ukubuyekezwa kube lula.

"Ukuhlolwa Kokuqinisekiswa Kokufunda" (R7-H28), okubandakanya imibuzo ekhiqizwe ngokungahleliwe (imibuzo eyi-10/eminingi), ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuqonda kwakho.

Ungagxila futhi ekufundeni imibuzo enezinketho eziningi kusukela ezivivinyweni zika-2022 (Isigaba Sokuqala) kuya ku-2011 (Ekuseni) (No. 1-15).

Funda kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokuya kwakho ezitimeleni nasemabhasini, noma ngesikhathi sekhefu.

*Lokhu kufaka phakathi imibuzo yezivivinyo ezedlule kusukela ngo-2025 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2024 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2023 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2021 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2020 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2020 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2020 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2019 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2018 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2017 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2016 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2015 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2014 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2013 (Isigaba Sokuqala), 2012 (Isigaba Sokuqala), kanye no-2011 (Isigaba Sokuqala).

Lokhu kufaneleka ekubukezeni imibuzo yezivivinyo ezedlule.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni iziqu ukubukeza imibuzo yezivivinyo ezedlule.

Ngokubukeza imibuzo yezivivinyo ezedlule, ungaqonda isakhiwo semibuzo, izinhlobo zemibuzo evame ukuvela, kanye namandla akho kanye nobuthakathaka bakho. Ngakho-ke, ungasebenzisa imibuzo yokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini ukudala uhlelo lokulungiselela ukuhlolwa kanye nesifundo, njengokuthi yiziphi izindawo okufanele ugxile kuzo nokuthi yiziphi izindawo okufanele uthole amaphuzu kuzo.

Qonda izitayela zemibuzo, thola indlela yakho yokufunda, bese uqhubeka nezifundo zakho ngendlela ehlelekile.

[Izibonelo Zezinkinga]

Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 7]

Yisiphi kulezi zitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana namaphuzu okufanele uwaqaphele lapho usebenzisa inhlabathi evubukuliwe njengezinto zokuvimba umgwaqo ezingalungile?


Izinto ezibangela izinkinga zokuqina kokuvimba umgwaqo noma ukuhlaliswa kwawo kufanele zisakazwe ngobuningi ngangokunokwenzeka engqimbeni engezansi yokuvimba umgwaqo, noma zisetshenziswe eqongweni lomgwaqo, njll.


Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 8]

Yisiphi kulezi zitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa okusekelwe kolwazi lwezivimba umgwaqo kusetshenziswa i-TS (Total Station) kanye ne-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) esingalungile?

Lapho kuhlanganiswa izinto zomgoqo, ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube yilapho iphuzu elimele libekwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yomgoqo, njengoba kuboniswe kumephu yokusatshalaliswa kwenani lokuhlanganiswa eliboniswe kusikrini sekhompyutha esisemotweni, kushintsha umbala ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi inani elicacisiwe lokuhlanganiswa selifeziwe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lokuhlanganiswa elinqunywe ekwakhiweni kokuhlolwa liqinisekisiwe.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 9]
Yisiphi kulezi zitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana namaphuzu okufanele siwaqaphele lapho kusetshenziswa inhlabathi embiwe yezakhiwo zokugcwalisa emuva engalungile?

Inhlabathi esetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa emuva kufanele icindezelwe kakhulu ukuvimbela izikhala noma ukungalingani phakathi kwesakhiwo kanye nokugcwalisa emuva ngemva kokuba umgwaqo uvulelwe izimoto.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Isivivinyo A [No. 10]
Yisiphi kulezi zincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nezindlela zokuthuthukisa umhlabathi othambile esingalungile?
Indlela yokugaya ngomjovo ophezulu ixuba ngenkani inhlabathi ethambile endaweni kanye ne-ejenti yokuqinisa isebenzisa ama-grouting blades ukwakha inhlabathi ezinzile nokwandisa ukumelana kokushelela.

I-Reiwa 6 (2024) Isivivinyo A [No. 11]
Yiziphi izincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana ne-coarse aggregate yekhonkrithi ezingalungile?
Uma kusetshenziswa itshe elichotshoziwe, okuqukethwe kwamanzi kweyunithi kudingeka kube kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nalapho kusetshenziswa amatshe amatshe ukuze kutholakale ikhonkrithi esebenza kahle.

I-Reiwa 6 (2024) Isivivinyo A [No. 12]
Yiziphi izincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nezindlela zokuhlola i-coarse aggregate yekhonkrithi ezingalungile?
Ukufaneleka kwekhwalithi ye-coarse ngokumelene nemijikelezo yokuqandisa ephindaphindwayo kunqunywa ukuhlolwa kokuguguleka kwe-coarse aggregate kusetshenziswa uMshini Wokuhlola waseLos Angeles.
I-Reiwa 6 (2024) Unyaka Wezimali, Inkinga A [No. 13]
Yiziphi izitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana nomklamo wengxube yekhonkrithi ezilungile?
Uma usetha ukuguguleka uma ucabangela ukuphakama kokuguguleka, inani lokuguguleka kufanele libekwe phezulu ukuphakama kokuguguleka okungama-2m uma kuqhathaniswa no-0.5m.
I-Reiwa 6 (2024) Unyaka Wezimali, Inkinga A [No. 14]
Yisiphi kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi yesimo sezulu esibandayo kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo engalungile?

Uma izinga lokushisa eliphansi lansuku zonke kulindeleke ukuthi libe ngu-4°C noma ngaphansi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi, ukwakhiwa kumele kwenziwe njengekhonkrithi yesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Unyaka Wezimali, Inkinga A [No. 15]
Yisiphi kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo mayelana nokulungiswa kwekhonkrithi engalungile?
Isikhathi sokulungiswa esimanzi sekhonkrithi esebenzisa i-syment exubile uhlobo B sifushane kuneso sekhonkrithi esebenzisa i-cyment ejwayelekile yasePortland.
Reiwa 6 (2024) Unyaka Wezimali, Inkinga A [No. 16]
Uma izimo zokwakha zifana, yiziphi kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo mayelana nokucindezela kwekhonkrithi entsha esebenza efomini engalungile?

Uma izinga lokushisa lekhonkrithi liphakeme, kulapho ukucindezela kwekhonkrithi kuba kukhulu khona.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Isivivinyo A [No. 17]
Yisiphi kulezi zincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zesisekelo ezakhiweni zamabhuloho omgwaqo engalungile?
Ezisekelweni eziqondile, njengoba ubuso obugundiwe lapho isisekelo sishelela kwenzeka endaweni ejulile esisekelweni sesisekelo, kubalulekile ukugwema ukubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokwakha.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Isivivinyo A [No. 18]
Yiziphi izincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwezisekelo zepayipi lensimbi kusetshenziswa indlela yenqwaba eqhutshwayo elungile?
Ukuze kusekelwe izisekelo zenqwaba, ukuma kokushayela kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kufana nokwezinqwaba zokuhlola ngokusekelwe ekujuleni kokushumeka, inani lokubuyela emuva ngedrayivu ngesikhathi sokuma, njll.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Isivivinyo A [No. 19]
Yiziphi izincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kusetshenziswa indlela yenqwaba efakwe endaweni engalungile?
Ngendlela yokufaka yonke indawo, ubuso obuphezulu bekhonkrithi abucwili ngokukhipha ipayipi lekhonkrithi ngemva kokuba ukuthululwa kwekhonkrithi sekuqediwe.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Isivivinyo, Inkinga A [No. 20]
Yiziphi izincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nezici zezakhiwo ezahlukene zokugcina umhlaba ezingalungile?
Ukugcina umhlaba ngokuzimela kuyindlela ephikisana nokuqina kodonga olugcina umhlaba, okuholela ekuguqukeni okuncane kodonga olugcina umhlaba kanye nokumba okulula ngoba akukho ukugoba ngaphakathi kwendawo yokumba.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Reiwa 6 (2024), Inkinga A [No. 21]

Yiziphi izincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nezinyathelo zokuqapha zokwakha amabhuloho omgwaqo wensimbi ezingalungile?

Uma uhambisa amalungu okwakha ohlangothini olude, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza umthambeka wokuqalisa ube umthambeka ophansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha komsebenzi wokuqalisa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Reiwa 6 (2024), Inkinga A [No. 22]

Yiziphi izincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nezinyathelo zokuqapha zomsebenzi wokushisela emabhuloho omgwaqo wensimbi ezingalungile?

Ukusika okungaphansi kuyimbangela enkulu yokugxila kokucindezeleka futhi kuholela ekugqwaleni okusheshayo, ngakho akufanele kube khona ngisho nasemalungeni angabhekwa njengathintwa ukukhathala.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Reiwa 6 (2024), Inkinga A [No. 23]

Yiziphi izincazelo ezilandelayo mayelana nomsebenzi wokuqinisa amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu emabhuloho omgwaqo wensimbi ezilungile?


Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu kufanele aqiniswe ngokulandelana kusukela ebhodweni eliphakathi lepuleti lokuxhuma kuya emabhodweni okugcina, futhi aqiniswe kabili.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 24]
Yisiphi kulezi zitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana nezindlela zokuqinisa izakhiwo zekhonkrithi esingalungile?
Izindlela zokuhlukanisa i-Seismic zinganciphisa ukufuduka kwamalungu ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 25]
Yisiphi kulezi zitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana nokuwohloka okubangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi kanye nezici zaso esingalungile?
Ukujula kwekhonkrithi okukhiqizwa nge-carbon kungabhekwa njengokufana nesikwele senani leminyaka yenkonzo ngemva kokuqedwa kwesakhiwo.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 26]
Yisiphi kulezi zitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwe-embankment yama-levee emfuleni esilungile?
Ekwakhiweni kwemisele, iziteshi zokudonsa amanzi zesikhashana zinikezwa ngezikhathi ezifanele ukuvumela amanzi emvula ukuthi ageleze phansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguguleka kwemithambeka ngenxa yemvula, futhi kuhlinzekwa i-draider yokudonsa amanzi ngendlela enqamula eya emiseleni ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwamanzi emvula.
Reiwa 6 (2024) Umbuzo Wokuhlola A [No. 27]
Yisiphi kulezi zitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana nomsebenzi wokuvikela isisekelo ofakwe ngaphambili kwemisele yomfula ongalungile?
Ukwakhiwa kwamabhulokhi ekhonkrithi angakhekile ngendlela engavamile kuhilela ukulinganisa umbhede womfula ngaphambi kokufakwa, ngakho-ke ukwakhiwa kuba nzima njengoba ukujula kwamanzi kukhuphuka.
Reiwa 6 (2024) Umbuzo Wokuhlola A [No. 28]
Yisiphi kulezi zitatimende ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwemisele yomfula evulekile engalungile?
Lapho kwakhiwa amasango okudonsa amanzi kanye nama-culvert, kuyathandeka ukwenza ukumba kwemisele ekhona ibe nkulu ukuze imisele yokunamathisela ikwazi ukwakhiwa kalula, futhi okufanayo kusebenza ngokombono wokuphathwa komfula.
Reiwa 6 (2024) Umbuzo Wokuhlola A [No. 29]
Yiziphi kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwamadamu okulawula indle ezingalungile?
Emadamini okulawula indle, ukugcwalisa indle ngokuvamile kwenziwa engxenyeni evubukuliwe, futhi uma ingxenye yokumba isisekelo iyisisekelo, ukugcwalisa indle kwenziwa ngesihlabathi kanye netshe eliyingcosana.
Reiwa 6 (2024) Umbuzo Wokuhlola A [No. 30]
Yiziphi kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo mayelana nomsebenzi wokuvimbela ukudilika komhlaba olungile?

Ukwakhiwa kwe-anchor kuyindlela yokuzinzisa i-slope ngokufaka imisipha (izinto zensimbi, njll.) emhlabathini ozinzile kusukela emthambekeni bese kusetshenziswa amandla okunamathela kwezinto zensimbi ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwesisekelo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: eyodwa esebenzisa umphumela wokuqinisa kanye nenye esebenzisa umphumela wokuvimbela.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 31]
Yiziphi kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kokuvimbela ukudilika kwe-slope eqondile engalungile?
Ukwakhiwa kohlaka lwekhonkrithi olufakwe endaweni kusetshenziswa lapho i-gradient ezinzile ingatholakali emthambekeni osikiwe, njll., futhi isakhiwo se-girder ngokuvamile sisebenzisa ukhonkrithi ongaqiniswanga.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 32]
Yisiphi kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwe-subgrade endleleni ye-asphalt elungile?
I-subgrade ye-embankment kufanele ibekwe ngokulinganayo ngemva kokuqonda kahle izakhiwo zezinto ze-embankment ezisetshenzisiwe, futhi iqedwe ngokuqiniswa ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukwehla kwamandla ngenxa yokuqiniswa ngokweqile.

Reiwa 6 (2024) Inkinga A [No. 33]
Yisiphi kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwe-subgrade ephezulu endleleni ye-asphalt engalungile?

Lapho wakha umbhede womgwaqo ozinzile we-asphalt oshisayo usebenzisa indlela yokuphakamisa okujiyile, uma kungekho ukuvinjelwa emaphethelweni aseceleni, kuyalulekwa ukuwuqiniswa ngomshini omkhulu wokuqiniswa njenge-vibratory roller.

*Ngenkathi kwenziwe yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwamaphuzu nolunye ulwazi ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukunemba akunakuqinisekiswa.

Asithathi umthwalo wemfanelo nganoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka noma ukungahleleki okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza.

*Okuqukethwe okungaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza kungangezwa, kubuyekezwe, kushintshwe, noma kushintshwe ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambilini.

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