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Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngesimo samahlaya. Ukuze uthole okunye ukusetshenziswa, bheka Ihlaya (disambiguation).
U-"Jest" uqondisa kabusha lapha. Ukuze uthole okunye ukusetshenziswa, bheka i-Jest (disambiguation).
U-Boris Yeltsin noBill Clinton bajabulela ihlaya
Ihlaya liwukubonakaliswa kwamahlaya lapho amagama asetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sokulandisa esiqondile nesichazwe kahle ukuze abantu bahleke futhi ngokuvamile akuhloselwe ukuhunyushwa njengoba kunjalo.[1] Ivamise ukuthatha isimo sendaba, imvamisa ibe nengxoxo, futhi iphethe ngokushaya indiva, lapho kwembulwa khona okuhlekisayo kwendaba; lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-pun noma olunye uhlobo lokudlala amagama, indida noma ukubhuqa, ukungahambelani okunengqondo, ihaba, noma ezinye izindlela.[2] Isazi sezilimi uRobert Hetero sinikeza incazelo:
Ihlaya isiqephu esifushane esihlekisayo semibhalo exoxwayo lapho ukuhlekisa kufinyelela kuvuthondaba ngomusho wokugcina, obizwa ngokuthi i-punchline… Eqinisweni, umbandela omkhulu ukuthi ukushuba kwesimo kufanele kufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ekugcineni. Akukho ukuqhubeka okudambisa ukushuba okufanele kwengezwe. Ngokuqondene nokuba kwayo "ngomlomo," kuyiqiniso ukuthi amahlaya angase abonakale enyathelisiwe, kodwa lapho edluliswa futhi, asikho isibopho sokukhiqiza kabusha umbhalo nezwi nezwi, njengasendabeni yezinkondlo.[3]
Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi amahlaya ahlomula ngokufushaniswa, akuqukethe imininingwane eyengeziwe kunaleyo edingekayo ukuze kusethelwe indawo ye-punchline ekugcineni. Endabeni yamahlaya ayimfumbe noma ama-one-liners, isilungiselelo siqondwa ngokusobala, okushiya kuphela inkhulumomphendvulwano ne-punchline okufanele kushiwo ngamazwi. Nokho, ukuguqula lezi kanye nezinye iziqondiso ezivamile kungase futhi kube umthombo wamahlaya-i-shaggy inja indaba iyisibonelo anti-ihlaya; nakuba yethulwe njengehlaya, iqukethe ukulandisa okude kwesikhathi, indawo kanye nomlingiswa, igijima phakathi kokuningi okungenanjongo futhi ekugcineni yehluleke ukuletha umugqa wenkulumo. Amahlaya awuhlobo lwamahlaya, kodwa akuwona wonke amahlaya asesimweni sehlaya. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlekisayo ezingewona amahlaya akhulunywayo yilezi: amahlaya angavamile, amahlaya esimo, amahlaya angokoqobo, i-slapstick nama-anecdotes.
Ikhonjwe njengenye yezindlela ezilula zezincwadi zomlomo isazi sezilimi saseDashi u-Andre Jellos,[4] amahlaya adluliswa ngokungaziwa. Batshelwa kuzo zombili izilungiselelo eziyimfihlo nezisesidlangalaleni; umuntu ongashadile utshela umngane wakhe ihlaya ngendlela engokwemvelo yengxoxo, noma isethi yamahlaya itshelwa iqembu njengengxenye yokuzijabulisa okubhaliwe. Amahlaya nawo adluliswa ngokubhalwa phansi noma, muva nje, nge-inthanethi.
Amahlaya asukumayo, osomahlaya kanye nezitikhi zempama basebenza ngesikhathi samahlaya nesigqi ekusebenzeni kwabo, futhi bangase bathembele ezenzweni kanye nasemgqeni womsindo wezwi ukuvusa ukuhleka. Lo mehluko uqanjwe enkulumweni ethandwayo ethi "Ikhomikhi isho izinto ezihlekisayo; usomahlaya usho izinto ezihlekisayo".[inothi 1]
Umlando uyaphrintwa
Imoto yaseNtshonalanga iPapyrus, ephuma ku-c. 1600 BC, iqukethe isibonelo samahlaya okuqala asekhona.[5]
Noma yiliphi ihlaya elibhalwe kusukela esikhathini esidlule lilondolozwe ngokuzenzekela esikhundleni sokuklama. Amahlaya awawona awesiko elicolisisiwe, kodwa awokuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa kwawo wonke amakilasi. Kanjalo, noma yiziphi izinguqulo eziphrintiwe zazibhekwa njenge-ephemera, okungukuthi, amadokhumenti esikhashana adalelwe injongo ethile futhi ahloselwe ukulahlwa. Amaningi alawa mahlaya okuqala akhuluma ngezihloko ze-scatological kanye nezocansi, ajabulisa kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi kodwa akufanele ahlonishwe futhi agcinwe.
Izinhlobo ezehlukene zamahlaya ziye zakhonjwa emibhalweni yasendulo ye-classical.[inothi 2] Ihlaya elidala kakhulu elikhonjiwe isaga sasendulo samaSumeri sango-1900 BC esiqukethe amahlaya asendlini yangasese: "Into engakaze yenzeke kusukela kudala; owesifazane osemusha akazange aqhume. emathangeni omyeni wakhe." Amarekhodi alo abhalwa enkathini yaseBabiloni Elidala futhi ihlaya lingase lihlehlele emuva ngo-2300 BC. Ihlaya lesibili elidala elitholakele, elatholakala ku-Westcar Papyrus futhi okukholakala ukuthi likhuluma nge-Sneferu, lalivela eGibhithe Lasendulo c. Ngo-1600 BC: "Umjabulisa kanjani uFaro oyisithukuthezi? Uhamba ngomkhumbi wabesifazane abasebasha abagqoke amanetha okudoba kuphela phansi.....
U-"Jest" uqondisa kabusha lapha. Ukuze uthole okunye ukusetshenziswa, bheka i-Jest (disambiguation).
U-Boris Yeltsin noBill Clinton bajabulela ihlaya
Ihlaya liwukubonakaliswa kwamahlaya lapho amagama asetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sokulandisa esiqondile nesichazwe kahle ukuze abantu bahleke futhi ngokuvamile akuhloselwe ukuhunyushwa njengoba kunjalo.[1] Ivamise ukuthatha isimo sendaba, imvamisa ibe nengxoxo, futhi iphethe ngokushaya indiva, lapho kwembulwa khona okuhlekisayo kwendaba; lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-pun noma olunye uhlobo lokudlala amagama, indida noma ukubhuqa, ukungahambelani okunengqondo, ihaba, noma ezinye izindlela.[2] Isazi sezilimi uRobert Hetero sinikeza incazelo:
Ihlaya isiqephu esifushane esihlekisayo semibhalo exoxwayo lapho ukuhlekisa kufinyelela kuvuthondaba ngomusho wokugcina, obizwa ngokuthi i-punchline… Eqinisweni, umbandela omkhulu ukuthi ukushuba kwesimo kufanele kufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ekugcineni. Akukho ukuqhubeka okudambisa ukushuba okufanele kwengezwe. Ngokuqondene nokuba kwayo "ngomlomo," kuyiqiniso ukuthi amahlaya angase abonakale enyathelisiwe, kodwa lapho edluliswa futhi, asikho isibopho sokukhiqiza kabusha umbhalo nezwi nezwi, njengasendabeni yezinkondlo.[3]
Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi amahlaya ahlomula ngokufushaniswa, akuqukethe imininingwane eyengeziwe kunaleyo edingekayo ukuze kusethelwe indawo ye-punchline ekugcineni. Endabeni yamahlaya ayimfumbe noma ama-one-liners, isilungiselelo siqondwa ngokusobala, okushiya kuphela inkhulumomphendvulwano ne-punchline okufanele kushiwo ngamazwi. Nokho, ukuguqula lezi kanye nezinye iziqondiso ezivamile kungase futhi kube umthombo wamahlaya-i-shaggy inja indaba iyisibonelo anti-ihlaya; nakuba yethulwe njengehlaya, iqukethe ukulandisa okude kwesikhathi, indawo kanye nomlingiswa, igijima phakathi kokuningi okungenanjongo futhi ekugcineni yehluleke ukuletha umugqa wenkulumo. Amahlaya awuhlobo lwamahlaya, kodwa akuwona wonke amahlaya asesimweni sehlaya. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlekisayo ezingewona amahlaya akhulunywayo yilezi: amahlaya angavamile, amahlaya esimo, amahlaya angokoqobo, i-slapstick nama-anecdotes.
Ikhonjwe njengenye yezindlela ezilula zezincwadi zomlomo isazi sezilimi saseDashi u-Andre Jellos,[4] amahlaya adluliswa ngokungaziwa. Batshelwa kuzo zombili izilungiselelo eziyimfihlo nezisesidlangalaleni; umuntu ongashadile utshela umngane wakhe ihlaya ngendlela engokwemvelo yengxoxo, noma isethi yamahlaya itshelwa iqembu njengengxenye yokuzijabulisa okubhaliwe. Amahlaya nawo adluliswa ngokubhalwa phansi noma, muva nje, nge-inthanethi.
Amahlaya asukumayo, osomahlaya kanye nezitikhi zempama basebenza ngesikhathi samahlaya nesigqi ekusebenzeni kwabo, futhi bangase bathembele ezenzweni kanye nasemgqeni womsindo wezwi ukuvusa ukuhleka. Lo mehluko uqanjwe enkulumweni ethandwayo ethi "Ikhomikhi isho izinto ezihlekisayo; usomahlaya usho izinto ezihlekisayo".[inothi 1]
Umlando uyaphrintwa
Imoto yaseNtshonalanga iPapyrus, ephuma ku-c. 1600 BC, iqukethe isibonelo samahlaya okuqala asekhona.[5]
Noma yiliphi ihlaya elibhalwe kusukela esikhathini esidlule lilondolozwe ngokuzenzekela esikhundleni sokuklama. Amahlaya awawona awesiko elicolisisiwe, kodwa awokuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa kwawo wonke amakilasi. Kanjalo, noma yiziphi izinguqulo eziphrintiwe zazibhekwa njenge-ephemera, okungukuthi, amadokhumenti esikhashana adalelwe injongo ethile futhi ahloselwe ukulahlwa. Amaningi alawa mahlaya okuqala akhuluma ngezihloko ze-scatological kanye nezocansi, ajabulisa kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi kodwa akufanele ahlonishwe futhi agcinwe.
Izinhlobo ezehlukene zamahlaya ziye zakhonjwa emibhalweni yasendulo ye-classical.[inothi 2] Ihlaya elidala kakhulu elikhonjiwe isaga sasendulo samaSumeri sango-1900 BC esiqukethe amahlaya asendlini yangasese: "Into engakaze yenzeke kusukela kudala; owesifazane osemusha akazange aqhume. emathangeni omyeni wakhe." Amarekhodi alo abhalwa enkathini yaseBabiloni Elidala futhi ihlaya lingase lihlehlele emuva ngo-2300 BC. Ihlaya lesibili elidala elitholakele, elatholakala ku-Westcar Papyrus futhi okukholakala ukuthi likhuluma nge-Sneferu, lalivela eGibhithe Lasendulo c. Ngo-1600 BC: "Umjabulisa kanjani uFaro oyisithukuthezi? Uhamba ngomkhumbi wabesifazane abasebasha abagqoke amanetha okudoba kuphela phansi.....
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