📘Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha neSoftware - (2025–2026 Edition)
📚 I-Computer Hardware ne-Software iyincwadi yesilabhasi ephelele eyenzelwe i-BSCS, i-BSIT, izitshudeni zobunjiniyela Besofthiwe, kanye nabafundi abazifundelayo abanentshisekelo yokuqonda izisekelo zamasistimu ekhompyutha. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa ama-MCQ, nemibuzo, ehlinzeka ngendlela yezemfundo yokufunda ukuthi izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nesofthiwe zixhumana kanjani kusetshenziswa amakhodi, amasekhethi, nokunengqondo.
Kusukela ezindleleni zokusayina ezilula kuye kumasango anengqondo, idizayini yenkumbulo, amasistimu okusebenza, kanye nenethiwekhi, le ncwadi ivala igebe phakathi kwezinqubo zehadiwe ezisezingeni eliphansi nemiqondo yesofthiwe yezinga eliphezulu, isiza abafundi ukuxhuma okuyisisekelo kwedijithali nezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompuyutha zesimanje.
📂 Izahluko Nezihloko
🔹 Isahluko 1: Abangane Abangcono Kakhulu
Ugesi Nokuxhumana
Izindlela Zokusayina Ezilula
Umqondo Oyisisekelo Wamakhodi
🔹 Isahluko 2: Amakhodi Nenhlanganisela
Inombolo Systems
Ukubala kanambambili
I-Position Notation
Ulwazi Lokufaka Ikhodi
🔹 Isahluko 3: I-Braille kanye namakhodi kanambambili
I-Braille Alphabet
Umbhalo Wekhodi Wophawu
Kanambambili Concepts
🔹 Isahluko 4: I-Anatomy Yethoshi
Izifunda zikagesi
Imithombo Yamandla
Ukushintsha kanye Ama-bulb
🔹 Isahluko 5: Ukuxhumana Namakhona
Ikhodi ye-Morse
Uhlelo lweTelegraph
Izintambo kanye nezihibe
🔹 Isahluko 6: Ama-Telegraphs nama-Relays
I-Relay Mechanism
Kanambambili Signal Transmission
Lawula Izifunda
🔹 Isahluko 7: Ama-Relay namaGates
KANYE, NOMA, HHAYI amaGates
Ukwakha I-Logic Gates nge-Relays
🔹 Isahluko 8: Izinombolo Zethu Eziyishumi
Izindlela zokubala
Imikhawulo ye-Base-10
🔹 Isahluko 9: Okunye Kweshumi
Kanambambili, Octal, Hexadecimal Systems
Ukuguqulwa Phakathi Kwezisekelo
🔹 Isahluko 10: Kancane kancane
Kanambambili, Octal, Hexadecimal Systems
Ukuguqulwa Phakathi Kwezisekelo
🔹 Isahluko 11: Amabhayithi ne-Hexadecimal
Isakhiwo se-Byte
I-Hexadecimal Encoding
Ukumelela Okuhlangene
🔹 Isahluko 12: Ukusuka ku-ASCII kuya ku-Unicode
Umbhalo Wezinhlamvu
Ithebula le-ASCII
I-Unicode Standard
🔹 Isahluko 13: Ukungeza nge-Logic Gates
Ukwengeza kanambambili
Izithasiselo eziyisigamu nezigcwele
Phatha Izingcezu
🔹 Isahluko 14: Ingabe Lokhu Kuyiqiniso?
Izinombolo Ezingezinhle
Izinombolo Kanambambili Ezisayiniwe
Ukuphelelisa Okubili
🔹 Isahluko 15: Kodwa Kuthiwani Ngokukhipha?
Ukukhipha kanambambili
Ukuboleka ku-Binary
Isekhethi yokukhipha
🔹 Isahluko 16: Impendulo kanye nama-Flip-Flops
I-Sequential Logic
Izingcezu Zenkumbulo
Flip-Flop Circuits
🔹 Isahluko 17: Asakhe Iwashi!
Izimpawu Zesikhathi
Ama-oscillator
Ama-Pulses ewashi kuma-circuits
🔹 Isahluko 18: Ukuhlangana Kwenkumbulo
Amaseli Okugcina
I-Memory Arrays
Izindlela Zokufunda-Bhala
🔹 Isahluko 19: I-Automating Arithmetic
Simple ALU Imisebenzi
Control Logic
Izifunda ze-Arithmetic
🔹 Isahluko 20: Iyunithi ye-Arithmetic Logic
I-ALU Design
Ukusebenza okunengqondo kanye ne-Arithmetic
🔹 Isahluko 21: Amarejista namabhasi
Ukunyakaza Kwedatha
Bhalisa Amafayela
Amasistimu webhasi
🔹 Isahluko 22: Izimpawu Zokulawula I-CPU
Imijikelezo Yeziyalezo
Control Units
Micro-operations
🔹 Isahluko 23: Amaluphu, Ukugxuma, kanye Nezingcingo
Ukugeleza Kweziyalezo
Ukulawula Uhlelo
Imisebenzi Yesitaki
🔹 Isahluko 24: Amapheripheral
Okokufaka kanye namadivayisi okukhiphayo
Ukuxhumana Kwangaphandle
🔹 Isahluko 25: Uhlelo Olusebenzayo
Iyini i-OS?
Ukuphatha Izinhlelo kanye Hardware
🔹 Isahluko 26: Ukubhala ngekhodi
Ulimi Lomshini
Ulimi Lomhlangano
Izilimi Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu
🔹 Isahluko 27: Ubuchopho Bomhlaba
I-Global Computing
Inethiwekhi
Umthelela Wamakhompyutha Emphakathini
🌟 Kungani Khetha lolu hlelo lokusebenza/Incwadi?
✅Incwadi ephelele yesilabhasi ehlanganisa izisekelo zehadiwe nemiqondo yesoftware
✅Kuhlanganisa ama-MCQ, kanye nemibuzo yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa
✅Funda isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: kusuka kumakhodi kanambambili kuya ku-OS kanye nezisekelo zokuxhumana
✅Ilungele abafundi nochwepheshe abahlose ukuqonda ukuthi amakhompyutha asebenza kanjani kusukela phansi
✍ Lolu hlelo lokusebenza liphefumulelwe ababhali:
Brahmagupta, Manuel Castells, John L. Hennessy, Archibald Hill, Charles Petzold
📥 Landa Manje!
Ingcweti kwezisekelo zokwenza ikhompuyutha nge-Computer Hardware and Software (2025–2026 Edition).
Kubuyekezwe ngo-
Sep 30, 2025