Izihloko ezifakiwe:
Umhlabathi:
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ukucwaninga komhlabathi, okuhlanganisa ukubunjwa kwawo, izakhiwo, nokubaluleka kwezolimo nemvelo.
Isingeniso se-Organic Chemistry:
I-Organic Chemistry iwucwaningo lwezinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-carbon. Abafundi bafunda mayelana nezakhiwo, i-nomenclature, kanye nokusabela kwenhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo.
Ama-Non-Metals Nezinhlanganisela Zawo - Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali Ezivamile Zezinsimbi Ezingezona:
Lesi sihloko sihlola izici zamakhemikhali ezivamile zezinto ezingezona izinsimbi, okuhlanganisa ukuphinda zisebenze, ukusabela komoyampilo, i-hydrogen, namanzi, kanye nemvelo yazo ene-asidi.
Izithako ze-Metals:
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa izakhiwo, ukulungiswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela zezinsimbi, okuhlanganisa ama-oxide, ama-hydroxides, nosawoti.
Ukuhlaziywa Komthamo kanye nokuhlaziywa kweVolumetric:
Ukuhlaziywa Kobuningi kuhilela ukunqunywa kwenani noma ukuhlangana kwezinto kusampula. I-Volumetric Analysis igxile ekulinganiseni amavolumu ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali, okuvame ukubandakanya ama-titrations.
I-Chemical Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Energetics - Izinga Lokusabela:
I-Chemical Kinetics iwucwaningo lwamazinga okusabela nezici ezithinta izilinganiso zokusabela, okuhlanganisa isibalo sesilinganiso nezinyathelo zokunquma izinga.
I-Chemical Kinetics, I-Equilibrium, kanye ne-Energetics - Ukulinganisa kanye namandla:
Lesi sihloko esincane sicubungula ukulingana kwamakhemikhali, isimiso sika-Le Chatelier, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezinguquko zamandla nokusabela kwamakhemikhali.
Ukuqina Kwamanzi:
Ukuqina Kwamanzi kuphathelene nokuba khona kwe-calcium ne-magnesium ion emanzini kanye nomthelela wawo ekusetshenzisweni kwensipho nezinqubo zezimboni.
I-Ionic Theory kanye ne-Electrolysis - Electrolysis:
I-Ionic Theory ihilela umqondo wama-ion ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali. I-Electrolysis iyinqubo yokusebenzisa ugesi ukushayela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungazenzeki.
I-Mole Concept:
I-Mole Concept ingumqondo oyisisekelo kukhemistri ohlobene nenani lezinto nesisindo sayo kanye ne-Avogadro constant.
Ama-Acid, Izisekelo, Nosawoti - I-Chemical Equation:
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ukusabela kwama-asidi nezisekelo, izakhiwo zawo, nokwakheka kukasawoti.
Okokhelekayo:
I-Fuel igxile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamafutha, ukuvutha kwawo, nokukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Ukuhlelwa Kwezikhathi - Isakhiwo Se-athomu:
Isihloko se-Periodic Classification sihlobene nokuhleleka kwama-elementi kuthebula le-periodic kanye nesakhiwo se-athomu yezinto.
Amanzi, I-Hydrojeni, I-oksijeni, Nomoya:
Lezi zihloko ezincane zihlanganisa izakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa, nokubaluleka kwamanzi, i-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo, nomoya ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali.
Ukushiswa, Ukugqwala, Nokucisha umlilo:
Lesi sihloko sihlola ukusabela kokusha, ukugqwala kwezinsimbi, nezimiso zokucisha umlilo.
Indlela Yelabhorethri Nokuphepha:
Isu Laselabhorethri Nokuphepha kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zekhemistri esebenzayo, egcizelela izinqubo ezifanele zaselabhorethri kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha.
Okubalulekile:
Indaba ibandakanya ukucwaninga kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zento kanye nezakhiwo zazo.
Imithombo Yokushisa namalangabi:
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa imithombo yokushisa nezinhlobo zamalangabi akhiqizwa ekuphenduleni okuhlukahlukene kokuvutha.
Inqubo Yesayensi - Isingeniso Sekhemistry:
Lesi sihloko sethula abafundi indlela yesayensi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo emkhakheni wamakhemikhali.
Kubuyekezwe ngo-
Mas 23, 2024