Biology O Level Notes

Logiciel Puissant

Iqukethe izikhangiso

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

Izihloko zazifakiwe:
Isingeniso ku-Biology:
Isingeniso Sebhayoloji sinikeza umbono wezimiso eziyisisekelo nemiqondo yebhayoloji. Abafundi bethulwa endleleni yesayensi, uhlobo lwesayensi, kanye nocwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinto Eziphilayo:
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinto Eziphilayo kuphathelene nezimiso nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kuhlelwe izinto eziphilayo zibe ngamaqembu ahlukene ngokusekelwe ebudlelwaneni bazo bokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezici ezabelana ngazo. Abafundi bafunda nge-taxonomy, i-binomial nomenclature, izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ngezigaba, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwempilo eMhlabeni.

Isakhiwo Seseli Nenhlangano:
Lesi sihloko sigxile engxenyeni eyisisekelo yokuphila, iseli. Abafundi bahlola ukwakheka nokuhleleka kwamaseli, okuhlanganisa amaseli organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts), ulwelwesi lwamaseli, i-cytoplasm, nezinqubo zokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli njenge-mitosis ne-meiosis.

Ukuphepha Endaweni Yethu (Ilabhorethri):
Ukuphepha elabhorethri nasendaweni kubalulekile ezivivinyweni zebhayoloji. Abafundi bafunda ngezimiso zokuphepha zaselabhorethri, okuhlanganisa ukuphatha amakhemikhali, ukulahla imfucuza, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi, nokuvimbela izingozi noma ukuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi.

I-HIV, i-AIDS, kanye ne-STD:
Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, i-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs). Abafundi bafunda ngokudluliselwa, ukuvimbela, kanye nomthelela walezi zifo kubantu ngabanye nempilo yomphakathi.

I-Organic Evolution:
I-Organic Evolution ihlola inqubo yoshintsho ezintweni eziphilayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokukhethwa kwemvelo nezinye izindlela. Abafundi bacwaninga ubufakazi bokuziphendukela kwemvelo, obufana nezinsalela, i-anatomy yokuqhathanisa, i-embryology, ne-molecular biology.

I-Genetics nokuhluka -1:
Lesi sihloko sethula izimiso zofuzo, okuhlanganisa izakhi zofuzo ze-Mendelian, amaphethini efa, nokuhlukahluka kofuzo phakathi kwabantu.

Ukukhula Nokuthuthukiswa:
Ukukhula Nokuthuthukiswa kuhlanganisa izinqubo izinto eziphilayo ezikhula ngazo, zivuthwe, futhi zishintshe kuyo yonke imijikelezo yazo yokuphila.

Umthetho (Homeostasis):
I-Regulation (Homeostasis) igxile ezindleleni ezigcina indawo yangaphakathi ezinzile ezintweni eziphilayo. Abafundi bafunda ngezinhlelo zezinzwa ne-endocrine nokuthi zixhumanisa kanjani izimpendulo zomzimba.

Umsoco -1:
Lesi sihloko sidingida ocwaningweni lokuthi izinto eziphilayo zithola futhi zisebenzise kanjani izakhamzimba ukukhula, amandla, kanye nezinqubo ze-metabolic.

Ukushintshaniswa Kwegesi Nokuphefumula:
I-Gaseous Exchange and Respiration ihlola ukuthi izinto eziphilayo zithola kanjani umoya-mpilo futhi zikhiphe isikhutha ngezinqubo zokuphefumula.

Ukuthuthwa Kwempahla Ezintweni Eziphilayo -1:
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ukuthuthwa kwezinto (isb., amanzi, imisoco, amagesi) ngaphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ezilwaneni kanye nesimiso semithambo esitshalweni.

Ibhalansi Yemvelo:
Ibhalansi Yemvelo isho ukulingana kwemvelo okuntekenteke phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo.

Ukukhiqiza kabusha -2:
Ukukhiqiza kabusha -2 kuqhubeka nocwaningo lwezinqubo izinto eziphilayo ezikhiqiza ngayo inzalo, kuhlanganise nokuzala ngokocansi kanye nokuhluka kwayo.

Ukudidiyela -2:
I-Coordination -2 iphinde ihlole ukulawulwa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinqubo ze-physiological eziphilayo.

Ukunyakaza:
Ukunyakaza kuhlanganisa ukucwaninga kokuthi izinto eziphilayo nezingxenye zazo zinyakaza futhi zihlanganyele kanjani.