有機化学

Hideki Touhara

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

Imibuzo eyi-1594 emayelana nobubanzi bama-organic compounds. Idalwe ngokuya ngemibuzo edlule yamayunivesithi amakhulu kanye nemibuzo yakamuva yokuhlolwa kokungena. Ifaka lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ekuhlolweni kokungena. (* Ububanzi abuphambuki encwadini yokufunda)

Ngenze imibuzo ngokususelwa kwimibuzo yokuhlolwa kokungena ngokulandelayo.

I-Tohoku University Isigamu sokuqala sika-2016 (nabanye abaningi njenge-University of Tokyo)
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-polyvinyl alcohol uqobo ayizinzile futhi ishintsha ngokushesha kwi-isomer yesakhiwo [A]. [A] ingatholakala ngokufaka amanzi ku- [B] kusetshenziswa i-mercury (II) sulfate njengesikhuthazi.
[A] I-Acetaldehyde
[A] Iasithilini

Imibuzo engaphakathi nohlelo (izingcaphuno zemibuzo nezimpendulo ezilungile kuphela)
Q. [____] kwenzeka lapho amanzi engezwa ku-acetylene kusetshenziswa i-catalyst. (Akubandakanyi abaphakathi).
A. I-Acetaldehyde. Kukhona i-vinyl alcohol phakathi nendawo, kepha ishintsha ngokushesha ibe yi-acetaldehyde.
U. I-Acetaldehyde ikhiqizwa lapho amanzi engezwa ku- [____] kusetshenziswa i-catalyst.
A. Acetylene


ITohoku University 2016 isigamu sokuqala
Lapho isixazululo samanzi sika [c] sifakwa ngenkathi kupholiswa isixazululo se-hydrochloric acid esincishisiwe se-aniline kuye ku-5 ° C noma ngaphansi, [d] kuyenziwa. Lapho lo usawoti ushiswa ngesisombululo esine-acidic aqueous, uyabola ngenkathi ukhiqiza igesi [o] ukukhiqiza u-E.
[C] I-nitrite yesodium NaNO2
[D] I-Benzenediazonium chloride C6H5-N2Cl
[O] Inayithrojeni N2
[Isakhi E] I-Phenol C6H5-OH

Imibuzo engaphakathi nohlelo (izingcaphuno zemibuzo nezimpendulo ezilungile kuphela)
Q. Khetha into ekhiqiza i-benzenediazonium chloride lapho i-aniline incibilika ku-dilute hydrochloric acid bese ifakwa ngenkathi ipholisa ibe ngu-5 ° C noma ngaphansi. A. Isixazululo se-sodium nitrite aqueous
Q. Khetha ifomula lamakhemikhali le-nitrite ye-sodium. A. NaNO2
Q. Khetha into ekhiqizwa ngokuncibilikisa i-aniline ekunciphiseni i-hydrochloric acid, ukuyipholisa ibe ngu-5 ° C noma ngaphansi, bese ufaka isisombululo esinamandla se-sodium nitrite. A. Benzenediazonium chloride (isixazululo samanzi)
U. Kwenzekani nge-benzenediazonium chloride (isixazululo samanzi) ngaphezu kwe-5 ° C? A. I-nitrogen, i-phenol ne-hydrochloric acid

(Izindaba ezilandelayo ezihlobene nazo zifakiwe)
Q. Khetha izimo ezifanele zokukhiqiza i-benzenediazonium chloride kusuka ku-aniline. A. Kupholile kuye ku-5 ℃ noma ngaphansi
Q. Yini ukusabela lapho kukhiqizwa i-benzenediazonium chloride kusuka ku-aniline? A. Ukwehlukaniswa kwamazinyo


Imibuzo ibuzwa ngokususelwa ezinkingeni zamanyuvesi amakhulu, futhi uhla lwezincwadi lufakwa ngangokunokwenzeka ngokulindela izinkinga ezinzima.
Sihlukanisa amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele abanjelwe phansi bese sakha inkinga ngezindlela eziningi.

(Sithumela imibuzo yokuhlolwa kokungena kanye nemibuzo yohlelo lokusebenza evela ku-Twitter. Sicela ulandele @kagaku_y_test)

■ Idatha ekhishiwe (ihlolwe ngenkathi kusombululwa imibuzo yokuhlolwa kokungena)
Iminyaka engama-30 isuka eNyuvesi yaseTokyo (University of Tokyo)
Iminyaka engu-25 yaseKyoto University (Kyoto University)
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 eTokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Iminyaka engama-20 yase-Osaka University (Osaka University)
Iminyaka eyi-10 yeNagoya University (Nagoya University)
I-Waseda / Keio Faculty of Science and Technology iminyaka eyi-7
Cishe imibuzo engama-20 yokuhlolwa kokungena kwamanyuvesi ezokwelapha kuzwelonke
Imibuzo Yokuhlolwa Kokungena Kwezwe Likazwelonke Yeminyaka emi-2 (cishe izikhathi eziyi-100 2016-2017)
Isikhungo sokuhlola 1990-2021 (ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko nokuhlolwa okungeziwe)
I-Chemistry kanye nezincwadi eziyisisekelo ze-chemistry (Keirinkan, Suken Shuppan, Tokyo Shoseki, njll.) (Ukufanisa inkambo yamanje)

* 2021 nayo iyangezwa.

Ngizamile ukufanisa ukuhlelwa ngangokunokwenzeka uma kuqhathaniswa nencwadi yokufunda. Ingasetshenziselwa nokufunda nsuku zonke ngokwesifundo. (* Ukuhleleka kwezinto kungahluka ngokuya ngencwadi yokubhala.)
Ngifake amagama amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka atholakala kuphela kwezinye izincwadi. Ihlanganisa cishe yonke imigomo encwadini.
Yize kungajwayelekile ezivivinyweni zokungena, ngafaka nombuzo wokuthi kuphendulwe amagama abantu abathola imiklomelo kaNobel (noma abazobhapathizwa) ezincwadini zokufunda.

U. Ngubani owazuza umklomelo kaNobel eKhemistry ngonyaka ka 2001 ngocwaningo lwakhe nge-chiral-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis (asymmetric hydrogenation)? A. Ryoji Noyori
Q. Khetha umuntu owathuthukisa uSalvarsan futhi waqokelwa iNobel Prize eKhemistry ngo-1911 kanye neNobel Prize in Physiology noma Medicine ngo-1912 nango-1913. A. Sahachiro Hata

Imibuzo yokuhlola incazelo yamagama njengoba kudingeka ukusiza imemori nokuqonda ihlelwa kabusha ngokushesha ngaphambi nangemva kwalokho.
Ulwazi olungasetshenziswa njengeseluleko sokuqondisa impendulo eyiyo nolwazi olungasetshenziswa njengeseluleko sokukhumbula izinto ezibalulekile nakho kuba yinkinga.

○ Main ukusetshenziswa
Ngokuyisisekelo, uzofunda ngenkathi uxazulula inkinga.

■ Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa
Swayipha kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla ukuze ubone ukukhishwa okulandelayo nokwedlule. Thepha ukuze uqhubekele embuzweni olandelayo. Khetha inketho kuze kube impendulo ilungile, bese uthepha inketho ukuze uqhubekele embuzweni olandelayo. Ungaswayiphela kokulandelayo ngaphandle kokuphendula kahle. Esivivinyweni sokuqinisekisa, ngazama ukukwenza ngesandla esikhundleni sesikhathi ukuze ngiqhubeke ngokuzola futhi ngikhumbule.

■ Isivivinyo 15
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuncane ngesigaba (ngenkambu).
Umbuzo ngamunye sizowuxazulula ngomkhawulo wesikhathi wemizuzwana engama-20, futhi ekugcineni sizophendulana. Khetha kanye embuzweni ngamunye, bese izimpendulo ezifanele nezingalungile zizovezwa lapho kuphothulwa imibuzo eyi-15 noma lapho inkinobho yokugcina isetshenziselwa ukuqeda maphakathi. Amamaki atholakele, futhi ushintsho lwesikolo lubanjwe nge-graphed ukuze ulibone ngokubonakalayo. Ku-Test 15, uhla lwemibuzo luzoncishiswa, ngakho-ke uzokwazi ukuthola amaphuzu aphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane ngokukwenza. Kusetshenziswa indlela eseduze nejika lokulibala lesikhathi semibuzo nokuhleleka.

■ Uhlu
Ungabona uhlu lwemibuzo nezimpendulo ebangeni lemibuzo ngesigaba (ngenkambu).

■ Amaphuzu
Ungabona amakhadi okubika wesigaba (inkambu) test 15 nohlolo lokuxilonga (imibuzo engama-25).

■ Isivivinyo sokuxilonga i-ABCDEF (imibuzo engama-25)
Ifomethi efanayo nohlolo 15. Ikhasi uhla lwemibuzo yohlolo lokuxilonga. Kusetshenziswa indlela eseduze nejika elikhohlwayo lesikhawu semibuzo nokuhleleka.

■ Uhlu lokubuyekeza
Uhlu lwenzelwe ikhasi ngalinye lemenyu. Faka ngokuzenzakalela inkinga engalungile ohlwini

■ Uhlu lwami
Uhlu lwenzelwe ikhasi ngalinye lemenyu. Kusuka kunoma yisiphi isikrini ngemuva komphumela wokuhlolwa, ungasikhetha ngenkinobho yokuhlola bese usifaka kuhlu lwami. Ungaqinisa ubuthakathaka bakho ngokufaka kuhlu lokho ofuna ukukhumbula futhi ugxile kukho.

■ Amasethingi
Ukukhuphuka noma ukushova
Ungakhetha kusuka kumibuzo ngokulandelana, imibuzo eshintshiwe, njalonjalo.
Izivivinyo zokuxilonga ze-Test 15 no-25 zizoshintshwa kuphela.

· Ungakhetha inani imibuzo imibuzo 10, imibuzo 20, futhi iluphu.
Isivivinyo se-15 nokuhlolwa kokuxilongwa imibuzo engama-25 imiswe kwimibuzo eyi-15 nengama-25, ngokulandelana.

Ukuboniswa kokukhetha
Akunasembozo lapho ukhetha ukubonisa. Uma ukhetha Fihla, ungafaka ikhava kuso ukuze ungaboni izinketho ngokushesha. Thepha noma swayiphela phansi ukuze ususe ikhava.
Izinketho zihlala zikhonjiswa imibuzo ye-Test 15 ne-Diagnostic Test 25.

· Kusukela ekuqhubekeni noma ekuqaleni
Chofoza inkinobho kusuka ekuqhubekeni ukuqala kusuka ekuqhubekeni okuxazululwe okokugcina. Ungabuyela kokwokuqala ngenkinobho kusukela ekuqaleni.

· Okuvamile, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuPinki, okuluhlaza yizinkinobho zokushintsha umbala wangemuva nombala wombhalo.
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa bunganwetshwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza.
Amaphethini amahlanu ayatholakala kusikimu ngasinye sombala ngasinye. Cindezela umaki wendandatho ye-benzene ngakwesokudla phezulu kwesikrini semenyu noma ukusetha isikrini ukushintshela kumazinga ama-5.

Setha kabusha uhlu lokubuyekeza, setha kabusha uhlu lwami
Uma ucindezelwe, izinto ezisohlwini zizoba zero.

· Ngithumela i-imeyili
Le yi-imeyili ebhekiswe kunjiniyela. Imibiko yeziphazamisi, amaphutha wokubhala, izicelo nokuvelayo kwamukelwa nge-imeyili.

· Buka ibhulogi
Xhumanisa nebhulogi yokusekela. Imibiko ye-Bugs Bug, amaphutha wokubhala, izicelo nokuvelayo, njll., Sicela ubhale emazwaneni.

· Buka ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza
Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lonjiniyela.

· Unjiniyela Twitter
Sizothumela imibuzo nezimpendulo ngokuya ngemibuzo yokuhlolwa kokungena namathiphu okubamba ngekhanda amafomula ezakhiwo. Sicela usilandele.

imenyu
■ Inhlanganisela ye-Organic 1
Izici zama-organic compounds
Isomer njll.
Ukunqunywa kwefomula yokwakhiwa
Isakhiwo se-Alkane
Uhlobo lwama-alkanes
Alkene
Alkyne

■ Inhlanganisela yemvelo 2
Utshwala 1
Iphuzu lokuncibilika nendawo yokubilisa yotshwala
Utshwala ne-ether
Utshwala 2
Utshwala 3
ether
I-Aldehyde 1
I-Aldehyde 2
Ukusabela kwe-ketone ne-iodoform

■ Inhlanganisela yemvelo 3
I-Carboxylic acid 1
I-Carboxylic acid 2
I-carboxylic acid anhydride
ester
Amafutha kanye nezinsipho
Insipho
I-saponification, ukusabela nge-iodine
Ukubalwa kwenani le-saponification nenani le-iodine

■ Inhlanganisela ye-Organic 4
I-Benzene 1
I-Benzene 2
I-Benzene 3
Phenol
Indlela yokukhiqiza i-Phenol

■ Inhlanganisela yemvelo 5
I-acid carboxylic acid
I-salicylic acid
Iphunga eliqukethe i-nitrogen 1
Ama-aromatics aqukethe i-nitrogen 2
Ama-aromatics aqukethe i-nitrogen 3
Ukwehlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali anamakha

■ Inhlanganisela ye-Organic 6
Ukudla
Imithi
udayi
okokuhlanza

Sizofunda nemibuzo yakamuva yokuhlolwa kokungena bese sengeza emisha uma kudingeka.

twitter
https://twitter.com/kagaku_y_test
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http://kojimachi.hatenablog.com

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http://www.kurage-kosho.info

Okunye
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Yini entsha

今回のアップデート
・熱化学方程式で説明していた箇所へエンタルピー変化の式を追加しました。