System immunitaire

Medical-Education

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Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

Kuyisicelo se-Android Esiletha Zonke Izifo Zesistimu Yomzimba

yomsingathi kufaka phakathi izinhlaka eziningi zebhayoloji nezinqubo ngaphakathi kwesitho esivikela izifo. Ukuze usebenze kahle, amasosha omzimba kufanele athole ama-ejenti ahlukahlukene, abizwa ngama-pathogens, asuka kumagciwane aya kwizikelemu zeparasitic, awahlukanise nezicubu zomzimba ezinempilo. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, amasosha omzimba aqukethe izindlela ezingezansi ezimbili: amasosha omzimba angaphakathi kanye namasosha omzimba avumelanayo. Zombili lezi zindlela ezisetshenziswayo zisebenzisa amajoni omzimba angagomeki kanye nokungatheleleki kweseli ukwenza imisebenzi yazo. Ebantwini, umgoqo wegazi-ubuchopho, isithiyo segazi-ubuchopho kanye nezinye izithiyo ezifanayo zangaphakathi ezihlanganisa ukuqina kwamasosha omzimba nesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba, evikela ubuchopho.

Amagciwane angashintsha futhi avumelane nezimo ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kugwemeke ukutholwa nokungathathi hlangothi amasosha omzimba; Kodwa-ke, izindlela eziningi zokuvikela nazo zakhiwe ukuqaphela kanye nokunciphisa amagciwane. Ngisho nezinto ezilula ezingama-unicellular ezifana namagciwane zinamasosha omzimba angajwayelekile ngendlela yama-enzymes avikela ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-bacteriophage. Ezinye izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuzivikela ezifweni ziye zavela kuma-eukaryotes amadala futhi ahlala ezinganeni zawo zesimanje, njengezitshalo nama-invertebrates. Lezi zinqubo zifaka i-phagocytosis, ama-peptides antimicrobial abizwa ngokuthi ama-defensins kanye nohlelo lokuphelelisa. Ama-vertebrates ajwayelekile, kufaka phakathi abantu, anezindlela zokuzivikela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu [1], kufaka phakathi amandla wokuzivumelanisa nesikhathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze aqaphele ngempumelelo ama-pathogens athile. Ukungavikeleki kwe-Adaptive (noma ukutholwa) kudala inkumbulo ye-immunological ngemuva kwempendulo yokuqala ku-pathogen ethize, okuholela ekuphenduleni okuthuthukile kokuhlangana okulandelayo naleyo pathogen efanayo. Le nqubo yokutholwa kokugomela isisekelo sokugoma.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba kungaholela ezifweni ze-autoimmune, izifo zokuvuvukala nomdlavuza. [2] Ukuntuleka komzimba kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba engasebenzi kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile, okuholela ekungenelelekeni, izifo ezisongela impilo. Ebantwini, ukugonywa kungenzeka kube ngumphumela wokuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo njengokuqina okuhlanganisiwe kokuqina, ukutholwa kwezifo ezifana ne-HIV / AIDS noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-immunosuppressive. Ngokuphambene, i-autoimmunity ivela esimisweni somzimba esimelana nokuhlasela kwezicubu ezijwayelekile njengezinto zakwamanye amazwe. Izifo ezijwayelekile ze-autoimmune zibandakanya iHashimoto's thyroiditis, isifo samathambo, uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela kanye ne-systemic lupus erythematosus. I-Immunology ihlanganisa ukufundwa kwazo zonke izici zamasosha omzimba.

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