40 Hadith An-Nawawi - الأربعون

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I-Hadees (/ ˈhædɪθ/ noma / hɑːˈdiːθ/; isi-Arabhu: حديث‎ hadit Ukuphinyiselwa kwesi-Arabhu: [ħadiːθ], pl. ahadith, أحاديث, ʾaḥādīṯ, Arabic pronunciation: [ʽḥādīṯ, Arabic pronunciation: [literally Attaharħ], ʔhardi, ortahar's Arabic, ortahar, orktahar, orktahar, orktahar, orktahar, Arabic or Isi-Arabhu: أثر‎, ʾAṯar, ngokwezwi nezwi sisho "isiko") ku-Islam sibhekisela kulokho iningi lamaSulumane elikholelwa ukuthi irekhodi lamagama, izenzo, kanye nokuvunyelwa buthule komprofethi wamaSulumane uMuhammad.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-hadith iyimibiko yalokho Muhammad akusho futhi akwenza. Njengoba kuphawulwe u-Emad Hamdeh, umbiko ngamunye uwucezu lwedatha ngoMuhammad; uma kuqoqwa, la maphuzu edatha adweba isithombe esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi yiSunnah.

IHadith ibizwe ngokuthi “umgogodla” wempucuko yamaSulumane, futhi kuleyo nkolo igunya le-hadith njengomthombo womthetho wenkolo nesiqondiso sokuziphatha lisendaweni yesibili ngemva kwaleyo yeQur’an (amaSulumane ayibheka njengezwi likaNkulunkulu elambulelwa uMuhammad. ). Igunya elingokomBhalo le-hadith livela ku-Qur'an, ekhuthaza amaSulumane ukuba alingise uMuhammad futhi alalele izahlulelo zakhe (emavesini anjengo 24:54, 33:21).

Nakuba inani lamavesi aphathelene nomthetho eQur'an lilincane uma kuqhathaniswa, i-hadith inikeza isiqondiso kukho konke kusukela emininingwaneni yezibopho zenkolo (njenge-Ghusl noma i-Wudu, ukugezwa komkhuleko we-salat), ezinhlotsheni ezifanele zokubingelela kanye nokubaluleka kobubele izigqila. Ngakho-ke "inqwaba" yemithetho ye-Sharia (umthetho wamaSulumane) ithathwe ku-hadith, esikhundleni se-Quran.

U-Ḥadīth igama lesi-Arabhu lezinto ezifana nenkulumo, umbiko, i-akhawunti, ukulandisa.: 471  Ngokungafani ne-Quran, akuwona wonke amaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi ama-hadith akhawunti (noma okungenani akuwona wonke ama-hadith akhawunti) ayisambulo saphezulu. AmaHadith awabhalwanga phansi abalandeli bakaMuhammad ngokushesha nje ngemva kokufa kwakhe kodwa izizukulwane eziningi kamuva lapho eqoqwa, aqoqwa futhi ahlanganiswa abe yiqoqo elikhulu lezincwadi zamaSulumane. Amaqoqo ahlukene e-hadith ayezofika ukuze ahlukanise amagatsha ahlukene enkolo yamaSulumane. KunamaMuslim amaningi esimanje (amanye awo azibiza ngokuthi ama-Quranists kodwa amaningi abuye aziwe ngokuthi ngabahambisa) akholelwa ukuthi ama-Hadith amaningi empeleni awayizimboni (pseudepigrapha) adalwa ngekhulu lesi-8 nelesi-9 CE, okuthiwa aqanjwa nguMuhammad.

Ngenxa yokuthi amanye ama-hadith afaka izitatimende ezingabazekayo futhi eziphikisanayo, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-hadith kwaba insimu enkulu yokufunda e-Islam. Ngokwesimo sayo sakudala i-hadith inezingxenye ezimbili—uchungechunge lwabalandisi abadlulisele umbiko (i-isnad), nombhalo oyinhloko wombiko (i-matn).

Phakathi kwezazi zeSunni Islam igama elithi hadith lingafaki nje kuphela amagama, izeluleko, imikhuba, njll. kaMuhammad, kodwa nalezo zabangane bakhe. Ku-Shia Islam, ama-hadith awumfanekiso wesunnah, amazwi nezenzo zikaMuhammad nomndeni wakhe u-Ahl al-Bayt (Ama-Imam ayishumi nambili kanye nendodakazi kaMuhammad, uFatimah).

U-Imam an-Nawawi ungomunye wezazi ezinkulu. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe iqoqo lakhe lama-hadith angama-42 oMprofethi uSallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam okuyincazelo ebanzi ye-Islam. Lo msebenzi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "I-An-Nawawi's Forty Hadith".

I-Nawawi's Forty (isi-Arabhu: الأربعون النوية) iyinhlanganisela yama-hadith angamashumi amane ka-Imam al-Nawawi, iningi lawo livela ku-Sahih Muslim kanye ne-Sahih al-Bukhari. Leli qoqo le-hadith liye laziswa ngokukhethekile phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ngoba liwukuhluzwa, ngesinye seziphathimandla ezivelele futhi ezihlonishwayo kwezomthetho wamaSulumane, ezisekelweni zomthetho ongcwele wamaSulumane noma i-Sharīʿah. Ekuhlanganiseni leli qoqo, kwakuyinhloso yombhali ecacile ukuthi “i-hadith ngayinye iyisisekelo esikhulu (qāʿida ʿaẓīma) senkolo, esichazwa izazi zezenkolo ngokuthi 'i-axis of Islam' noma 'ingxenye ye-Islam' noma ' okwesithathu kwakho' noma okufana nalokhu, nokwenza kube ngumthetho ukuthi la ma hadith angamashumi amane achazwe njengazwakalayo (ṣaḥīḥ).


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