Surah Dhariyat

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I-Quran ingumbhalo wenkolo omaphakathi we-Islam, amaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi iyisambulo esivela kuNkulunkulu (Allah).[11] Uthathwa kabanzi njengomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu emibhalweni yesi-Arabhu yakudala.[12][13][iv][v] Ihlelwe ngezahluko eziyi-114 (isurah (سور‎; ubunye: سورة‎, sūrah)), equkethe amavesi (āyāt (آيات; ubunye: آية, āyah)).

AmaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi iKurani yembulwa nguNkulunkulu ngomlomo kumprofethi wokugcina, uMuhammad, ngengelosi enkulu uGabriel (Jibril),[16][17] ngokwandayo esikhathini esiyiminyaka engaba ngu-23, kusukela ngenyanga ka-Ramadan,[18] lapho uMuhammad eneminyaka engama-40; futhi iphetha ngo-632, unyaka wokufa kwakhe.[11][19][20] AmaSulumane abheka iQuran njengesimangaliso sikaMuhammad esibaluleke kakhulu; ubufakazi bobuprofethi bakhe;[21] kanye nesiphetho sochungechunge lwemiyalezo yaphezulu eqala ngaleyo eyembulelwa u-Adamu, kuhlanganise neTawrah (iTorah), iZabur ("Amahubo") kanye ne-Injil ("iVangeli"). Igama elithi Quran livela izikhathi ezingaba ngu-70 embhalweni ngokwawo, kanti amanye amagama namagama kuthiwa abhekisela kuyi-Quran.[22]

I-Quran icatshangwa amaSulumane njengengamane iphefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu, kodwa izwi likaNkulunkulu elingokoqobo.[23] U-Muhammad akazange abhale njengoba engazi ukuthi abhale kanjani. Ngokwesiko, abaningana babangane bakaMuhammad bakhonza njengababhali, bebhala izambulo.[24] Ngemva nje kokufa komphrofethi, iQur'an yahlanganiswa ngabangane ababeyibhale phansi noma bayibamba ngekhanda izingxenye zayo.[25] U-Caliph Uthman wasungula inguqulo evamile, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Uthmanic codex, ngokuvamile ebhekwa njenge-archetype ye-Quran eyaziwa namuhla. Kukhona, nokho, ukufundwa okuhlukile, okunomehluko omncane kakhulu encazelweni.[24]

I-Quran iqala ukujwayelana nezindaba ezinkulu ezilandiswa emibhalweni yeBhayibheli ne-apocrypha. Ifingqa okunye, ihlale isikhathi eside kwezinye futhi, kwezinye izimo, iveze okunye ukulandisa kanye nezincazelo zezehlakalo.[26][27] I-Quran izichaza njengencwadi yokuqondisa isintu (2:185). Ngezinye izikhathi inikeza ukulandisa okuningiliziwe kwezenzakalo ezithile zomlando, futhi ngokuvamile igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuziphatha kwesenzakalo phezu kokulandelana kwaso kokulandisa.[28] Ukwengeza i-Quran ngezincazelo zezindaba ezifihlekile zeQuranic, kanye nezinqumo ezinikeza isisekelo se-sharia (umthetho wamaSulumane) emahlelweni amaningi amaSulumane, [29][vi] ama-hadith—amasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo nabhaliwe okukholelwa ukuthi achaza amagama nezenzo ze UMuhammad.[vii][29] Ngesikhathi somkhuleko, iQuran ikhulunywa ngesi-Arabhu kuphela.[30]

Umuntu obambe ngekhanda iQuran yonke ubizwa ngokuthi i-hafiz ('inkumbulo'). I-ayah (ivesi le-Quranic) ngezinye izikhathi lishiwo ngohlobo olukhethekile lokukhuluma olugcinelwe le njongo, olubizwa ngokuthi i-tajwid. Ngenyanga ye-Ramadan, amaSulumane ajwayele ukuqedela ukuphindaphinda kwe-Quran yonke ngesikhathi semithandazo ye-tarawih. Ukuze kwengezwe incazelo yevesi elithile le-Quranic, amaSulumane athembele ekuchazeni incazelo, noma ekuhlaziyeni (tafsir), esikhundleni sokuhunyushwa okuqondile kombhalo.[31]

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