Жұмбақтар

Daniyar Nurgaliyev

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Mystery is a small literary genre, which is characterized by allusions to a particular object or phenomenon in order to test a person's thinking, perseverance, knowledge.

The mysterious genre is present in most of the world's literature. Aristotle defined this genre as "Mystery - a well-combined metaphor." It is often considered in folklore as a "folk genre" and a "small form of folk poetry" because it is often found in ancient examples of mysterious literature, oral literature. However, in the works of representatives of modern literature, especially children's literature, there is often a collection of riddles. Therefore, it should not be limited to the folk genre.

Scientists believe that the origin of the riddle is synonymous with forbidden words and discovery. In ancient times, people used parody and metaphors to avoid the oppressive forces around them. In the course of its further development, the mystery was separated from the words find and forbid. Kazakh Riddles were born in ancient times and have come a long way to the present day. The Codex Cumanicus, a dictionary of the Kipchak language compiled in the second half of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, contains many mysteries. The structure and nature of the riddles are similar to modern Kazakh riddles. For example, you don't have it, I don't have it, Sengir doesn't have it in the mountains, I don't have a very strong rock, I don't have it in Kipchak (bird's milk). Mahmut Kashkari's "Dictionary of the Turkish language" also contains the first examples of modern Kazakh riddles. The Kazakh people considered Zhumbak to be a great art that reflects the level of knowledge and wisdom of the people, so the young people who chose their spouses, poets, orators, dancers, etc. Wise and noble people sent riddles to each other, tested their minds and compared knowledge. The mystery can be found in the form of obscenities, poems and poetic aitys. It is told with a mysterious image. For example, “White marriage in the desert, marriage without a mouth and nose” (eggs), “Do not burn, do not drown” (ice). There are many riddles that are created depending on the quality of the substance ("If you kill it, water will flow instead of blood" - melon), depending on the function ("Live clock cries" - a donkey). Sometimes the mystery is told directly in the form of an open question. Mysterious rhetoric and proverbs ("Though shining on the outside, shivering on the inside") touch me.

In Kazakh literature there are many oral and written enigmatic aytys of poets (for example, enigmatic aytys of a guy and a girl, aytys of Sapargali and Nurzhan, etc.). The compositional structure of the riddle is usually divided into two parts, the first part is called the riddle of the riddle, the second part is called the solution of the riddle. The riddle tells not only the color, size, and properties of an object, but also its function or action. Mystery is a means of cognition, so it is possible to recognize each side, numerically, by transforming one phenomenon into another. Sometimes all the properties of a bundle are not fully described, and only one sign can be mentioned. Therefore, the difficulty of finding the solution to the riddle lies in how complete and accurate the image of the object is. The solution to the riddle is to find a link in the image after the description. The description describes the features of the bundle, based on which the process of imagining the object, imagining, hearing the text, the study of the relationship between the identified object and the bundle. The riddle does not contain a certain poetic pattern. Its rhythmic-harmonic structure is expressed in many ways. The main feature of the genre of enigma is the tendency to say a lot in a few words, being small in size, paired in structure and complex. Enigmatic sentences are often short, concise, and sometimes in the form of sentences or phrases that represent a small concept intertwined with an image. The main poetic tool of the riddle is the metaphorical approach. The allusions in the riddle are ready, invisible, and illusory. By analogy, a parallel image of the bundle is created, the image of which is transferred to another phenomenon. Riddles are not intended to describe different situations, nor to tell stories, but to find patterns that can be used to make images of different objects and phenomena.