Minerals guide: Geology

99 Dictionaries: The world of terms

Iqukethe izikhangisoUkuthenga ngaphakathi nohlelo

Mayelana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza

I-encyclopedia enkulu ethi "Minerals guide: Geology toolkit" iyibhuku lamagama lamahhala eliphelele, elihlanganisa amatemu nemiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokho kuvumela izazi ze-geologists kanye nama-hobbyists ukuthi ahlole futhi ahlole amaminerali, amatshe, amatshe ayigugu kanye nezici zamakristalu.

I-Mineralogy iyisihloko se-geology egxile ocwaningweni lwesayensi lwekhemistri, ukwakheka kwekristalu, kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zamaminerali nezinto zobuciko ezinamaminerali. Ucwaningo oluthile ngaphakathi kwe-mineralogy lubandakanya izinqubo zemvelaphi nokwakheka kwezimbiwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali, ukusatshalaliswa kwawo ngokwezindawo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlonza i-mineral ukuhlola izici zayo ezibonakalayo, eziningi zazo ezingakalwa ngesampula yesandla. Lezi zingahlukaniswa zibe ukuminyana (okuvame ukunikezwa njengokudonsela phansi okuthile); izinyathelo zokuhlangana kwemishini (ukuqina, ukuqina, ukuqhekeka, ukuphuka, ukuhlukana); izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-macroscopic (i-luster, umbala, i-streak, i-luminescence, i-diaphaneity); izakhiwo kazibuthe kanye kagesi; i-radioactivity kanye ne-solubility ku-hydrogen chloride

Ikristalu noma i-crystalline solid into eqinile izingxenye zayo (ezifana nama-athomu, ama-athomu, ama-molecule, noma ama-ion) ahlelwe ngesakhiwo se-microscopic esihleleke kakhulu, sakhe i-crystal lattice enwebeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakristalu awodwa amakhulu ngokuvamile abonakala ngokuma kwawo kwejiyomethri, okuhlanganisa ubuso obuyisicaba obunomumo othize, onesici. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamakristalu nokwakheka kwekristalu lwaziwa ngokuthi i-crystallography. Inqubo yokwakheka kwekristalu kusetshenziswa izindlela zokukhula kwekristalu ibizwa ngokuthi icrystallization noma ukuqina.

I-Crystallography isayensi yokuhlola yokunquma ukuhlelwa kwama-athomu kuzinto eziqinile eziyikristale. I-Crystallography iyisifundo esibalulekile emikhakheni yesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye ne-solid state physics (i-condensed matter physics). Ku-crystallography, isakhiwo sekristalu yincazelo yokuhlelwa okuhlelekile kwama-athomu, ama-ion, noma ama-molecule entweni eyikristalu. Izakhiwo ezi-odwe zivela kumvelo yangaphakathi yezinhlayiya ezihlanganisayo ukuze zakhe amaphethini alinganayo aphinda ahambisane nezikhombisi-ndlela eziyinhloko zesikhala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu endabeni.

Amaminerali ambalwa ayizakhi zamakhemikhali, kuhlanganise nesibabule, ithusi, isiliva, negolide, kodwa iningi liyinhlanganisela. Indlela yakudala yokuhlonza ukwakheka iwukuhlaziya amakhemikhali amanzi, okubandakanya ukuncibilikisa amaminerali ku-asidi.

I-mineraloid yinto engokwemvelo efana ne-mineral engabonisi ubucwebe. Ama-mineraloid anezakhi zamakhemikhali ezihluka ngale kwebanga elijwayelekile elamukelwayo lamaminerali athile.

Itshe eliyigugu (eliphinde libizwe ngetshe eliyigugu, igugu, itshe eliyigugu, noma itshe eliyigugu elilinganayo) ucezu lwekristalu, olusikiwe futhi luphucuziwe, lusetshenziselwa ukwenza ubucwebe noma okunye ukuhloba. Amatshe ayigugu amaningi aqinile, kodwa amanye amaminerali athambile asetshenziselwa ubucwebe ngenxa yokucwebezela kwawo noma ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ezinokubaluleka kobuhle. I-Rarity ingesinye isici esinikeza inani eliyigugu.

Igolide liyikhemikhali elinophawu u-Au (kusuka kuLatin aurum 'igolide') kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-79. Lokhu kuyenza ibe enye yezinto eziphezulu-inombolo ye-athomu ezenzeka ngokwemvelo. Iyinsimbi ekhanyayo, esawolintshi-ephuzi, eminyene, ethambile, ethambile, futhi edonsa umoya ngendlela emsulwa.

Kukhona cishe amatshe angu-4000 ahlukene, futhi ngalinye lawo linesethi eyingqayizivele yezinto ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: umbala, i-streak, ubulukhuni, i-luster, i-diaphaneity, amandla adonsela phansi athile, i-cleavage, i-fracture, i-magnetism, i-solubility, nokunye okuningi.

Lesi sichazamazwi samahhala ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi:
• umsebenzi wokusesha othuthukisiwe ngokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela;
• ukusesha ngezwi;
• sebenza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi - isizindalwazi esihlanganiswe nohlelo lokusebenza, azikho izindleko zedatha ezenziwe lapho usesha;
• Kuhlanganisa amakhulukhulu ezibonelo ukukhombisa izincazelo;

I-"Minerals guide" iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina ulwazi oludingayo luseduze.

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