QRCheck is the app of your choice if you want to be on the safe side when scanning the QR code.
After scanning QR codes, you can check URLs inside for malicious websites. If you don't have a QR code, but only the URL, you can simply enter it manually.
In addition, you can create your own QR codes, scan barcodes, find out their format or set up your own backend to check the URL and store your own blacklists.