Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften

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Latest release: May 24, 2023
Series
215
Books
Ricci-Calculus: An Introduction to Tensor Analysis and Its Geometrical Applications
Book 10·Jun 2013
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This is an entirely new book. The first edition appeared in 1923 and at that time it was up to date. But in 193 5 and 1938 the author and Prof. D. J. STRUIK published a new book, their Einführung I and li, and this book not only gave the first systematic introduction to the kernel index method but also contained many notions that had come into prominence since 1923. For instance densities, quantities of the second kind, pseudo-quantities, normal Coordinates, the symbolism of exterior forms, the LIE derivative, the theory of variation and deformation and the theory of subprojective connexions were included. Now since 1938 there have been many new developments and so a book on RICCI cal culus and its applications has to cover quite different ground from the book of 1923. Though the purpose remains to make the reader acquainted with RICCI's famous instrument in its modern form, the book must have quite a different methodical structure and quite different applica tions have to be chosen. The first chapter contains algebraical preliminaries but the whole text is modernized and there is a section on hybrid quantities (quantities with indices of the first and of the second kind) and one on the many abridged notations that have been developed by several authors. In the second chapter the most important analytical notions that come before the introduction of a connexion aredealt with in full.
Foundations of Potential Theory
Book 31·Dec 2012
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The present volume gives a systematic treatment of potential functions. It takes its origin in two courses, one elementary and one advanced, which the author has given at intervals during the last ten years, and has a two-fold purpose: first, to serve as an introduction for students whose attainments in the Calculus include some knowledge of partial derivatives and multiple and line integrals; and secondly, to provide the reader with the fundamentals of the subject, so that he may proceed immediately to the applications, or to the periodical literature of the day. It is inherent in the nature of the subject that physical intuition and illustration be appealed to freely, and this has been done. However, that the book may present sound ideals to the student, and in order also serve the mathematician, both for purposes of reference and as a basis for further developments, the proofs have been given by rigorous methods. This has led, at a number of points, to results either not found elsewhere, or not readily accessible. Thus, Chapter IV contains a proof for the general regular region of the divergence theorem (Gauss', or Green's theorem) on the reduction of volume to surface integrals. The treatment of the fundamental existence theorems in Chapter XI by means of integral equations meets squarely the difficulties incident to ·the discontinuity of the kernel, and the same chapter gives an account of the most recent developments with respect to the Dirichlet problem.
Foundations of Potential Theory
Book 31·Nov 2013
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The present volume gives a systematic treatment of potential functions. It takes its origin in two courses, one elementary and one advanced, which the author has given at intervals during the last ten years, and has a two-fold purpose: first, to serve as an introduction for students whose attainments in the Calculus include some knowledge of partial derivatives and multiple and line integrals; and secondly, to provide the reader with the fundamentals of the subject, so that he may proceed immediately to the applications, or to the periodical literature of the day. It is inherent in the nature of the subject that physical intuition and illustration be appealed to freely, and this has been done. However, in order that the book may present sound ideals to the student, and also serve the mathematician, both for purposes of reference and as a basis for further developments, the proofs have been given by rigorous methods. This has led, at a number of points, to results either not found elsewhere, or not readily accessible. Thus, Chapter IV contains a proof for the general regular region of the divergence theorem (Gauss', or Green's theorem) on the reduction of volume to surface integrals. The treatment of the fundamental existence theorems in Chapter XI by means of integral equations meets squarely the difficulties incident to the discontinuity of the kernel, and the same chapter gives an account of the most recent developments with respect to the Dirichlet problem.
Vorlesungen über die hypergeometrische Funktion: Gehalten an der Universität Göttingen im Wintersemester 1893/94
Book 39·Apr 2013
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Formulas and Theorems for the Special Functions of Mathematical Physics
Book 52·Nov 2013
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This is a new and enlarged English edition of the book which, under the title "Formeln und Satze fur die Speziellen Funktionen der mathe matischen Physik" appeared in German in 1946. Much of the material (part of it unpublished) did not appear in the earlier editions. We hope that these additions will be useful and yet not too numerous for the purpose of locating .with ease any particular result. Compared to the first two (German) editions a change has taken place as far as the list of references is concerned. They are generally restricted to books and monographs and accomodated at the end of each individual chapter. Occasional references to papers follow those results to which they apply. The authors felt a certain justification for this change. At the time of the appearance of the previous edition nearly twenty years ago much of the material was scattered over a number of single contributions. Since then most of it has been included in books and monographs with quite exhaustive bibliographies. For information about numerical tables the reader is referred to "Mathematics of Computation", a periodical publis hed by the American Mathematical Society; "Handbook of Mathe matical Functions" with formulas, graphs and mathematical tables National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics Series, 55, 1964, 1046 pp., Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and FLETCHER, MILLER, ROSENHEAD, Index of Mathematical Tables, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.) .. There is a list of symbols and abbreviations at the end of the book.
The Numerical Treatment of Differential Equations: Edition 3
Book 60·Jun 2013
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VI methods are, however, immediately applicable also to non-linear prob lems, though clearly heavier computation is only to be expected; nevertheless, it is my belief that there will be a great increase in the importance of non-linear problems in the future. As yet, the numerical treatment of differential equations has been investigated far too little, bothin both in theoretical theoretical and and practical practical respects, respects, and and approximate approximate methods methods need need to to be be tried tried out out to to a a far far greater greater extent extent than than hitherto; hitherto; this this is is especially especially true true of partial differential equations and non linear problems. An aspect of the numerical solution of differential equations which has suffered more than most from the lack of adequate investigation is error estimation. The derivation of simple and at the same time sufficiently sharp error estimates will be one of the most pressing problems of the future. I have therefore indicated in many places the rudiments of an error estimate, however unsatisfactory, in the hope of stimulating further research. Indeed, in this respect the book can only be regarded as an introduction. Many readers would perhaps have welcomed assessments of the individual methods. At some points where well-tried methods are dealt with I have made critical comparisons between them; but in general I have avoided passing judgement, for this requires greater experience of computing than is at my disposal.
Handbook of Elliptic Integrals for Engineers and Physicists
Book 67·Nov 2013
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Engineers and physicists are more and more encountering integrations involving nonelementary integrals and higher transeendental functions. Such integrations frequently involve (not always in immediately re cognizable form) elliptic functions and elliptic integrals. The numerous books written on elliptic integrals, while of great value to the student or mathematician, are not especially suitable for the scientist whose primary objective is the ready evaluation of the integrals that occur in his practical problems. As a result, he may entirely avoid problems which lead to elliptic integrals, or is likely to resort to graphical methods or other means of approximation in dealing with all but the siruplest of these integrals. It became apparent in the course of my work in theoretical aero dynamics that there was a need for a handbook embodying in convenient form a comprehensive table of elliptic integrals together with auxiliary formulas and numerical tables of values. Feeling that such a book would save the engineer and physicist much valuable time, I prepared the present volume.
Handbook of Elliptic Integrals for Engineers and Scientists: Edition 2
Book 67·Dec 2012
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Engineers and physicists are more and more encountering integrations involving nonelementary integrals and higher transcendental functions. Such integrations frequently involve (not always in immediately re cognizable form) elliptic functions and elliptic integrals. The numerous books written on elliptic integrals, while of great value to the student or mathematician, are not especially suitable for the scientist whose primary objective is the ready evaluation of the integrals that occur in his practical problems. As a result, he may entirely avoid problems which lead to elliptic integrals, or is likely to resort to graphical methods or other means of approximation in dealing with all but the simplest of these integrals. It became apparent in the course of my work in theoretical aero dynamics that there was a need for a handbook embodying in convenient form a comprehensive table of elliptic integrals together with auxiliary formulas and numerical tables of values. Feeling that such a book would save the engineer and physicist much valuable time, I prepared the present volume.
Die Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik
Book 70·Dec 2013
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Continuous Transformations in Analysis: With an Introduction to Algebraic Topology
Book 75·Dec 2012
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The general objective of this treatise is to give a systematic presenta tion of some of the topological and measure-theoretical foundations of the theory of real-valued functions of several real variables, with particular emphasis upon a line of thought initiated by BANACH, GEOCZE, LEBESGUE, TONELLI, and VITALI. To indicate a basic feature in this line of thought, let us consider a real-valued continuous function I(u) of the single real variable tt. Such a function may be thought of as defining a continuous translormation T under which x = 1 (u) is the image of u. About thirty years ago, BANACH and VITALI observed that the fundamental concepts of bounded variation, absolute continuity, and derivative admit of fruitful geometrical descriptions in terms of the transformation T: x = 1 (u) associated with the function 1 (u). They further noticed that these geometrical descriptions remain meaningful for a continuous transformation T in Euclidean n-space Rff, where T is given by a system of equations of the form 1-/(1 ff) X-I U, . . . ,tt ,. ", and n is an arbitrary positive integer. Accordingly, these geometrical descriptions can be used to define, for continuous transformations in Euclidean n-space Rff, n-dimensional concepts 01 bounded variation and absolute continuity, and to introduce a generalized Jacobian without reference to partial derivatives. These ideas were further developed, generalized, and modified by many mathematicians, and significant applications were made in Calculus of Variations and related fields along the lines initiated by GEOCZE, LEBESGUE, and TONELLI.
Linear Algebra: Edition 3
Book 97·Dec 2012
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The major change between the second and third edition is the separation of linear and multilinear algebra into two different volumes as well as the incorporation of a great deal of new material. However, the essential character of the book remains the same; in other words, the entire presentation continues to be based on an axiomatic treatment of vector spaces. In this first volume the restriction to finite dimensional vector spaces has been eliminated except for those results which do not hold in the infinite dimensional case. The restriction of the coefficient field to the real and complex numbers has also been removed and except for chapters VII to XI, § 5 of chapter I and § 8, chapter IV we allow any coefficient field of characteristic zero. In fact, many of the theorems are valid for modules over a commutative ring. Finally, a large number of problems of different degree of difficulty has been added. Chapter I deals with the general properties of a vector space. The topology of a real vector space of finite dimension is axiomatically characterized in an additional paragraph.
Linear Algebra: Edition 2
Book 97·Apr 2013
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Besides the very obvious change from German to English, the second edition of this book contains many additions as weil as a great many other changes. It might even be called a new book altogether were it not for the fact that the essential character of the book has remained the same; in other words, the entire presentation continues to be based on an axiomatic treatment of linear spaces. In this second edition, the thorough-going restriction to linear spaces of finite dimension has been removed. Another complete change is the restriction to linear spaces with real or complex coefficients, thereby removing a number of relatively involved discussions which did not really contribute substantially to the subject. On p.6 there is a list of those chapters in which the presentation can be transferred directly to spaces over an arbitrary coefficient field. Chapter I deals with the general properties of a linear space. Those concepts which are only valid for finitely many dimensions are discussed in a special paragraph. Chapter 11 now covers only linear transformations while the treat ment of matrices has been delegated to a new chapter, chapter 111. The discussion of dual spaces has been changed; dual spaces are now intro duced abstractly and the connection with the space of linear functions is not established untillater.
The Differential Geometry of Finsler Spaces
Book 101·Dec 2012
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The present monograph is motivated by two distinct aims. Firstly, an endeavour has been made to furnish a reasonably comprehensive account of the theory of Finsler spaces based on the methods of classical differential geometry. Secondly, it is hoped that this monograph may serve also as an introduction to a branch of differential geometry which is closely related to various topics in theoretical physics, notably analytical dynamics and geometrical optics. With this second object in mind, an attempt has been made to describe the basic aspects of the theory in some detail - even at the expense of conciseness - while in the more specialised sections of the later chapters, which might be of interest chiefly to the specialist, a more succinct style has been adopted. The fact that there exist several fundamentally different points of view with regard to Finsler geometry has rendered the task of writing a coherent account a rather difficult one. This remark is relevant not only to the development of the subject on the basis of the tensor calculus, but is applicable in an even wider sense. The extensive work of H. BUSEMANN has opened up new avenues of approach to Finsler geometry which are independent of the methods of classical tensor analysis. In the latter sense, therefore, a full description of this approach does not fall within the scope of this treatise, although its fundamental l significance cannot be doubted.
Absolute Analysis
Book 102·Dec 2012
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The first edition of this book, published in German, came into being as the result of lectures which the authors held over a period of several years since 1953 at the Universities of Helsinki and Zurich. The Introduction, which follows, provides information on what moti vated our presentation of an absolute, coordinate- and dimension-free infinitesimal calculus. Little previous knowledge is presumed of the reader. It can be recom mended to students familiar with the usual structure, based on co ordinates, of the elements of analytic geometry, differential and integral calculus and of the theory of differential equations. We are indebted to H. Keller, T. Klemola, T. Nieminen, Ph. Tondeur and K. 1. Virtanen, who read our presentation in our first manuscript, for important critical remarks. The present new English edition deviates at several points from the first edition (d. Introduction). Professor I. S. Louhivaara has from the beginning to the end taken part in the production of the new edition and has advanced our work by suggestions on both content and form. For his important support we wish to express our hearty thanks. We are indebted also to W. Greub and to H. Haahti for various valuable remarks. Our manuscript for this new edition has been translated into English by Doctor P. Emig. We express to him our gratitude for his careful interest and skillful attention during this work.
Markov Chains with Stationary Transition Probabilities
Book 104·Mar 2013
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The theory of Markov chains, although a special case of Markov processes, is here developed for its own sake and presented on its own merits. In general, the hypothesis of a denumerable state space, which is the defining hypothesis of what we call a "chain" here, generates more clear-cut questions and demands more precise and definitive an swers. For example, the principal limit theorem (§§ 1. 6, II. 10), still the object of research for general Markov processes, is here in its neat final form; and the strong Markov property (§ 11. 9) is here always applicable. While probability theory has advanced far enough that a degree of sophistication is needed even in the limited context of this book, it is still possible here to keep the proportion of definitions to theorems relatively low. . From the standpoint of the general theory of stochastic processes, a continuous parameter Markov chain appears to be the first essentially discontinuous process that has been studied in some detail. It is common that the sample functions of such a chain have discontinuities worse than jumps, and these baser discontinuities play a central role in the theory, of which the mystery remains to be completely unraveled. In this connection the basic concepts of separability and measurability, which are usually applied only at an early stage of the discussion to establish a certain smoothness of the sample functions, are here applied constantly as indispensable tools.
Markov Chains: With Stationary Transition Probabilities, Edition 2
Book 104·Dec 2012
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From the reviews: J. Neveu, 1962 in Zentralblatt fr Mathematik, 92. Band Heft 2, p. 343: "Ce livre crit par l'un des plus minents spcialistes en la matire, est un expos trs dtaill de la thorie des processus de Markov dfinis sur un espace dnombrable d'tats et homognes dans le temps (chaines stationnaires de Markov)." N. Jain, 2008 in Selected Works of Kai Lai Chung, edited by Farid AitSahlia (University of Florida, USA), Elton Hsu (Northwestern University, USA), & Ruth Williams (University of California-San Diego, USA), Chapter 1, p. 15: "This monograph deals with countable state Markov chains in both discrete time (Part I) and continuous time (Part II). ... Much of Kai Lai's fundamental work in the field is included in this monograph. Here, for the first time, Kai Lai gave a systematic exposition of the subject which includes classification of states, ratio ergodic theorems, and limit theorems for functionals of the chain."
Abstract Harmonic Analysis: Volume I: Structure of Topological Groups Integration Theory Group Representations, Edition 2
Book 115·Dec 2012
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When we acce pted th ekindinvitationof Prof. Dr. F.K. Scnxmrrto write a monographon abstract harmonic analysis for the Grundlehren. der Maihemaiischen Wissenscha/ten series, weintendedto writeall that wecouldfindoutaboutthesubjectin a textof about 600printedpages. We intended thatour book should be accessi ble tobeginners, and we hoped to makeit usefulto specialists as well. These aims proved to be mutually inconsistent. Hencethe presentvolume comprises onl y half of theprojectedwork. Itgives all ofthe structure oftopological groups neededfor harmonic analysisas it is known to u s; it treats integration on locallycompact groups in detail;it contains an introductionto the theory of group representati ons. In the second volume we will treat harmonicanalysisoncompactgroupsand locallycompactAbeliangroups, in considerable et d ail. Thebook is basedon courses given by E. HEWITT at the University of Washington and the University of Uppsala, althoughnaturallythe material of these courses has been en ormously expanded to meet the needsof a formal monograph. Like the. other treatments of harmonic analysisthathaveappeared since 1940,the book is a linealdescendant of A. WEIL'S fundamentaltreatise (WElL [4J)1. The debtof all workers in the field to WEIL'S work is wellknown and enormous. We havealso borrowed freely from LOOMIS'S treatmentof the subject (Lool\IIS[2 J), from NAIMARK [1J, and most especially from PONTRYA GIN [7]. In our exposition ofthestructur e of locally compact Abelian groups and of the PONTRYA GIN-VA N KAM PEN dualitytheorem, wehave beenstrongly influenced byPONTRYA GIN'S treatment. We hope to havejustified the writing of yet anothertreatiseon abstractharmonicanalysis by taking up recentwork, by writingoutthedetailsofeveryimportantconstruction andtheorem, andby including a largenumberof concrete ex amplesand factsnotavailablein other textbooks.
Linear Partial Differential Operators
Book 116·Dec 2012
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The aim of this book is to give a systematic study of questions con cerning existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions of linear partial differential equations and boundary problems. Let us note explicitly that this program does not contain such topics as eigenfunction expan sions, although we do give the main facts concerning differential operators which are required for their study. The restriction to linear equations also means that the trouble of achieving minimal assumptions concerning the smoothness of the coefficients of the differential equations studied would not be worth while; we usually assume that they are infinitely differenti able. Functional analysis and distribution theory form the framework for the theory developed here. However, only classical results of functional analysis are used. The terminology employed is that of BOURBAKI. To make the exposition self-contained we present in Chapter I the elements of distribution theory that are required. With the possible exception of section 1.8, this introductory chapter should be bypassed by a reader who is already familiar with distribution theory.
Linear Partial Differential Operators: Edition 3
Book 116·Nov 2013
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Linear Partial Differential Operators: Edition 2
Book 116·Nov 2013
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Bundles

Analytic Partial Differential Equations
François Treves
Science & math
$209.00$167.20