Nato ASI Subseries F

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Latest release: December 14, 2013
Series
153
Books

About this ebook series

The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Issues in Acoustic Signal/Image Processing and Recognition was held August 5-9, 1982 at the Cappuccini complex in San Miniato Italy. The Workshop was primarily concerned with the underwater acoustic signal processing and seismic signal analysis and a major effort was made to link these topics with pattern recognition, i~ge processing and artificial intelligence. Major issues and new approaches in these interrelated areas were closely examined in the Workshop. In addition to paper presentations three discussion sessions were held on! (1) spectral analysis in underwater acoustics, (2) seismic wave propaga tion, seismic imaging and migration, and seismic inversion, and (3) unresolved issues and future directions. This Proceedings volume includes most presentations made at the Workshop. The publication, like the meeting itself, is unique in the sense that it provides exten sive interactions among the closely related areas stated above. Such interactions which usually result in the integration of different systems or approaches are certainly much needed to achieve some performance breakthrough while individual systems or approaches reach their performance limit. I am grateful to all participants for their active participation that makes the Workshop very productive, and to Dr. Lewis J. Lloyd and Dr. Ralph Goodman for their help to arrange an informative visit to the SACLANT ASW Research Centre for the Workshop participants. I am confident that this publication will be equally produc tive to report important current research results and near-future research activity particularly in underwater acoustic signal processing.
Issues in Acoustic Signal — Image Processing and Recognition
Book 1 · Dec 2012 ·
0.0
The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Issues in Acoustic Signal/Image Processing and Recognition was held August 5-9, 1982 at the Cappuccini complex in San Miniato Italy. The Workshop was primarily concerned with the underwater acoustic signal processing and seismic signal analysis and a major effort was made to link these topics with pattern recognition, i~ge processing and artificial intelligence. Major issues and new approaches in these interrelated areas were closely examined in the Workshop. In addition to paper presentations three discussion sessions were held on! (1) spectral analysis in underwater acoustics, (2) seismic wave propaga tion, seismic imaging and migration, and seismic inversion, and (3) unresolved issues and future directions. This Proceedings volume includes most presentations made at the Workshop. The publication, like the meeting itself, is unique in the sense that it provides exten sive interactions among the closely related areas stated above. Such interactions which usually result in the integration of different systems or approaches are certainly much needed to achieve some performance breakthrough while individual systems or approaches reach their performance limit. I am grateful to all participants for their active participation that makes the Workshop very productive, and to Dr. Lewis J. Lloyd and Dr. Ralph Goodman for their help to arrange an informative visit to the SACLANT ASW Research Centre for the Workshop participants. I am confident that this publication will be equally produc tive to report important current research results and near-future research activity particularly in underwater acoustic signal processing.
Image Sequence Processing and Dynamic Scene Analysis
Book 2 · Dec 2012 ·
0.0
This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Image Sequence Processing and Dynamic Scene Analysis" held 21 June - 2 July, 1982 in Hotel Maritim, Braunlage/Harz, Federal Republic of Germany. The organizing eommittee of the institute consists of T.S. Huang (Director), H.G. Musmann (Co Director), H.H. Nagel (Consultant), and C.E. Liedtke and W. Geuen (Local 'arrangement). This Institute was devoted to the rapidly emerging field of image sequence processing and dynamic scene analysis which has man! important applications in cluding target tracking, television bandwidth compression, highway traffic moni toring, and analysis of heart wall motion for medical diagnosis. The lectures and discussions in this Institute fell into three overlapping categories: Motion estimation; pattern recognition and artificial intelligence techniques in dynamic scene analysis; and, applications. 1) Motion estimation - One of the most important problems in image sequence analysis and dynamic scene analysis is displacement and motion estimation. For example, in interframe coding using temporal DPCM, displacement estimation and compensation can improve efficiency significantly. Also, estimated motion parameters can be powerful cues in target segmentation, detection, and classification. In this Institute, a number of recently developed techniques for displacement and motion estimation were discussed.
Electronic Systems Effectiveness and Life Cycle Costing
Book 3 · Dec 2012 ·
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This volume contains the complete proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on various aspects of the reliability of electronic and other systems. The aim of the Insti~ute was to bring together specialists in this subject. An important outcome of this Conference, as many of the delegates have pointed out to me, was complementing theoretical concepts and practical applications in both software and hardware. The reader will find papers on the mathematical background, on reliability problems in establishments where system failure may be hazardous, on reliability assessment in mechanical systems, and also on life cycle cost models and spares allocation. The proceedings contain the texts of all the lectures delivered and also verbatim accounts of panel discussions on subjects chosen from a wide range of important issues. In this introduction I will give a short account of each contribution, stressing what I feel are the most interesting topics introduced by a lecturer or a panel member. To visualise better the extent and structure. of the Institute, I present a tree-like diagram showing the subjects which my co-directors and I would have wished to include in our deliberations (Figures 1 and 2). The names of our lecturers appear underlined under suitable headings. It can be seen that we have managed to cover most of the issues which seemed important to us. VI SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS _---~-I~--_- Performance Safety Reliability ~intenance ~istic Lethality Hazards Support S.N.R. JARDINE Max. Vel. etc.
Pictorial Data Analysis
Book 4 · Dec 2012 ·
0.0
This volume is the collection of lectures and presentations of the NATO AS! On Pictorial Data Analysis, held August 1-12, 1982 in the beautiful chateau de Bonas, Bonas France. The director of the AS! was Robert M. Haralick and the Co-director was Stefano Levialdi. The papers in the book are arranged in two sections first theory and general prinicples and then applications. Local computations play a central role in image processing both when a traditional computer is used and when parallel machines are used for improving image throughput. Levialdi reviews such neighborhood operators. Hung and Kasvand discuss a line thinning application which involves detection of critical points on chain encoded data. Most low level image processing has been done using the digital raster as the basic data structure. Within the last few years many of these basic algorithms have been developed for the quadtree data structure. The quadtree permits easier access to certain kinds of spatial adjacency relationships in a variable resolution context. Rosenfeld reviews the properties of these representations and their uses in image segmentation and property measurement. Besslich discusses an expanded form of an invertible quadtree representation which permits a multiprocessor execution. Gisolfi and Vitulano discuss the C-matrix and C-filtering technique for image and texture feature extraction. O'mara et.al. discuss the application of Codel numbers to image feature extraction. Kropatsch discusses an image segmentation technique which permits the effective use of a variety of different kinds of segmentation techniques.
International Calibration Study of Traffic Conflict Techniques
Book 5 · Dec 2012 ·
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The concept of traffic conflict was initiated in the Uni ted States in the 60s and raised a lot of interest in many countries : it was an opening towards the develop ment of a new tool for safety evaluation and the diagnosis of local safety pro blems. The need for such a tool was great, because of the many situations where accident data was either scarce, unsatisfactory or unavailable. Development of Traffic Conflict Techniques (TCT) started simultaneously in the 70s in several European count ries and new studies were also undertaken in the Uni ted States, Canada and Israel. The need for international cooperation was rapidly feIt, in order to exchange data, compare definitions and check progresses. An Association for International Cooperation on Traffic Conflict Techniques (ICTCT) was therefore created, grouping researchers and safety administrators, with the aim of promoting and organising exchange of information and common practical work. Three Traffic Conflict Techniques Workshops were organised, in Oslo (1977), Paris (1979) and Leidschendam (1982). A small scale international experiment of calibra tion of TCTs was also carried out in Rouen, France, in 1979, and five teams took part in it from France, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States; results of this first experiment were used as a basis for the present enterprise. To be acknowledged as a safety measuring tool, traffic conflict techniques had to be validated in relation to traditional safety indicators such as injury-accidents.
Information Technology and the Computer Network
Book 6 · Dec 2012 ·
4.0
1.1 Scope This paper deals with the following subjects: 1. Introduction 2. Feasibility study definition in IT 3. Forming a feasibility study team 4. The feasibility study work 5. The feasibility study report 6. Discussion 1.2 Information Technology (IT) Information was defined as anything sensed by at least one of the human senses and that may change the level of his knowledge. The information may be true or false, sent by premeditation or generated by coincidence, needed by the interceptor or intended to create new needs. The creation of the information may be very costly or free of charge. The information may be an essential need or just a luxury. Each information may be a one shot nature, eg., announcing a marriage, or a constant update need one, eg., news. Information technology as defined herein means all the types of systems needed to deal wi.th the information, transfer it to any place, store it, adapt it, etc. Information technology is usually bused on Telecommunications. Telecommunications means a large variety of possibilities. Usually, the IT's are based on the creation, updating, processing and transmission of information. The information itself is usually alphanumeric and graphic. Gradually, there is a tendency to step over to what is seen as more natural information, audio and visual.
Program Transformation and Programming Environments: Report on a Workshop, Munich, Germany, 12 to 16 September 1983
Book 8 · Dec 2012 ·
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Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Program Transformation and Programming Environments
Computer Aided Analysis and Optimization of Mechanical System Dynamics
Book 9 · Jun 2013 ·
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These proceedings contain lectures presented at the NATO-NSF-ARO sponsored Advanced Study I~stitute on "Computer Aided Analysis and Optimization of Mechanical System Dynamics" held in Iowa City, Iowa, 1-12 August, 1983. Lectures were presented by free world leaders in the field of machine dynamics and optimization. Participants in the Institute were specialists from throughout NATO, many of whom presented contributed papers during the Institute and all of whom participated actively in discussions on technical aspects of the subject. The proceedings are organized into five parts, each addressing a technical aspect of the field of computational methods in dynamic analysis and design of mechanical systems. The introductory paper presented first in the text outlines some of the numerous technical considerations that must be given to organizing effective and efficient computational methods and computer codes to serve engineers in dynamic analysis and design of mechanical systems. Two substantially different approaches to the field are identified in this introduction and are given attention throughout the text. The first and most classical approach uses a minimal set of Lagrangian generalized coordinates to formulate equations of motion with a small number of constraints. The second method uses a maximal set of cartesian coordinates and leads to a large number of differential and algebraic constraint equations of rather simple form. These fundamentally different approaches and associated methods of symbolic computation, numerical integration, and use of computer graphics are addressed throughout the proceedings.
Simulation and Model-Based Methodologies: An Integrative View
Book 10 · Dec 2012 ·
0.0
NATO Advanced Institute Ottawa, Ontario/ Canada, July 26 - August 6, 1982
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
Book 11 · Dec 2012 ·
1.0
Dr. Lester A. Gerhardt Professor and Chairman Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York 12180 This book is a collection of papers on the subject of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. Most of the papers contained herein were presented as part of the program of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in June 1983 at Castel vecchio Pascoli, Italy on the same subject. Attendance at this two week Institute was by invitation only, drawing people internationally representing industry, government and the academic community worldwide. Many of the people in attendance, as well as those presenting papers, are recognized leaders in the field. In addition to the formal paper presentations, there were several informal work shops. These included a workshop on sensing, a workshop on educational methodology in the subject area, as examples. This book is an outgrowth and direct result of that Institute and includes the papers presented as well as a few others which were stimulated by that meeting. A special note is the paper entitled "State-of-the-Art and Predictions for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics" by Dr. R. Nagel which appears in the Introduction and Overview chapter of this book. This paper was originally developed as part of a study for the United States Army performed by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Science and published as part of a report entitled "Applications of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence to Reduce Risk and Improve Effectiveness" by National Academy Press in 1983.
Combinatorial Algorithms on Words
Book 12 · Jun 2013 ·
0.0
Combinatorial Algorithms on Words refers to the collection of manipulations of strings of symbols (words) - not necessarily from a finite alphabet - that exploit the combinatorial properties of the logical/physical input arrangement to achieve efficient computational performances. The model of computation may be any of the established serial paradigms (e.g. RAM's, Turing Machines), or one of the emerging parallel models (e.g. PRAM ,WRAM, Systolic Arrays, CCC). This book focuses on some of the accomplishments of recent years in such disparate areas as pattern matching, data compression, free groups, coding theory, parallel and VLSI computation, and symbolic dynamics; these share a common flavor, yet ltave not been examined together in the past. In addition to being theoretically interest ing, these studies have had significant applications. It happens that these works have all too frequently been carried out in isolation, with contributions addressing similar issues scattered throughout a rather diverse body of literature. We felt that it would be advantageous to both current and future researchers to collect this work in a sin gle reference. It should be clear that the book's emphasis is on aspects of combinatorics and com plexity rather than logic, foundations, and decidability. In view of the large body of research and the degree of unity already achieved by studies in the theory of auto mata and formal languages, we have allocated very little space to them.
Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems
Book 13 · Mar 2013 ·
0.0
The cooperation test [Apt, Francez & de Roever] was originally conceived to capture the proof theoretical analogue of distributed message exchange between disjoint processes, as opposed to the interference freedom test [Owicki & Gries], being the proof theoretical analogue of concurrent communication by means of interference through jointly shared variables. Some authors ([Levin & Gries, Lamport & Schneider, Schlichting and Schneider]) stress that both forms of communication can be proof theoretically characterized using interference freedom only, since proofs for both ultimately amount to an invariance proof of a big global assertion [Ashcroft], invariance of whose parts amounts to interference freedom. Yet I feel that the characteristic nature of the cooperation test is still preserved in the analysis of these authors, because in their analysis of CSP the part dealing with interference freedom specializes to maintenance of a global invariant, the expression of which requires per process the introduction of auxiliary variables which are updated in that process only, thus preserving the concept of disjointness (as opposed to sharing), since now all variables from different processes are disjoint. The cooperation test has been applied to characterize concurrent communication as occurring in Hoare's Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) [Hoare 2], Ichbiah's ADA [ARM], and Brinch Hansen's Distributed Processes (DP) [Brinch Hansen]. This characterization has been certified through soundness and completeness proofs [Apt 2, Gerth]. As in the interference freedom test this characterization consists of two stages, a local sequential stage and a global stage.
Computational Mathematical Programming
Book 15 · Jun 2013 ·
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This book contains the written versions of main lectures presented at the Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Computational Mathematical Programming, which was held in Bad Windsheim, Germany F. R., from July 23 to August 2, 1984, under the sponsorship of NATO. The ASI was organized by the Committee on Algorithms (COAL) of the Mathematical Programming Society. Co-directors were Karla Hoffmann (National Bureau of Standards, Washington, U.S.A.) and Jan Teigen (Rabobank Nederland, Zeist, The Netherlands). Ninety participants coming from about 20 different countries attended the ASI and contributed their efforts to achieve a highly interesting and stimulating meeting. Since 1947 when the first linear programming technique was developed, the importance of optimization models and their mathematical solution methods has steadily increased, and now plays a leading role in applied research areas. The basic idea of optimization theory is to minimize (or maximize) a function of several variables subject to certain restrictions. This general mathematical concept covers a broad class of possible practical applications arising in mechanical, electrical, or chemical engineering, physics, economics, medicine, biology, etc. There are both industrial applications (e.g. design of mechanical structures, production plans) and applications in the natural, engineering, and social sciences (e.g. chemical equilibrium problems, christollography problems).
New Systems and Architectures for Automatic Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Book 16 · Dec 2012 ·
0.0
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on New Systems and Architecture for Automatic Speech Recognition and Synthesis, held at Bonas, Gers, France, 2-14 July 1984
Computer Architectures for Spatially Distributed Data
Book 18 · Nov 2013 ·
0.0
These are the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) held in Cetraro, Italy during 6-17 June 1983. The title of the ASI was Computer Arehiteetures for SpatiaZZy vistributed Vata, and it brouqht together some 60 participants from Europe and America. Presented ~ere are 21 of the lectures that were delivered. The articles cover a wide spectrum of topics related to computer architecture s specially oriented toward the fast processing of spatial data, and represent an excellent review of the state-of-the-art of this topic. For more than 20 years now researchers in pattern recognition, image processing, meteorology, remote sensing, and computer engineering have been looking toward new forms of computer architectures to speed the processing of data from two- and three-dimensional processes. The work can be said to have commenced with the landmark article by Steve Unger in 1958, and it received a strong forward push with the development of the ILIAC III and IV computers at the University of Illinois during the 1960's. One clear obstacle faced by the computer designers in those days was the limitation of the state-of-the-art of hardware, when the only switching devices available to them were discrete transistors. As aresult parallel processing was generally considered to be imprae tieal, and relatively little progress was made.
Pictorial Information Systems in Medicine
Book 19 · Jun 2013 ·
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This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Pictorial Information Systems in Medicine" held August 27-September 7, 1984 in Hotel Maritim, Braunlage/Harz, Federal Republic of Germany. The program committee of the institute consisted of KH Hohne (Director), G. T Herman, G. S. Lodwick, and D. Meyer-Ebrecht. The organization was in the hands of Klaus Assmann and Fritz Bocker In the last decade medical imaging has undergone a rapid development New imaging modalities such as Computer Tomography (CT), Digital Angiography (DSA) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were developed using the capabilities of modern computers. In a modern hospital these technologies produce already more then 25% of image data in digital form. This format lends itself to the design of computer assisted Information systems Integrating data acquisition, presentation, communi cation and archiving for all modalities and users within a department or even a hospital. Advantages such as rapid access to any archived Image, synoptic presentation, computer assisted image analysis to name only a few, are expected. The design of such pictorial information systems, however, often called PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) In the medical community is a non-trivial task involving know-how from many disciplines such as - Medicine (especially Radiology), - Data Base Technology, - Computer Graphics, - Man Machine Interaction, - Hardware Technology and others. Most of these disCiplines are represented by disjunct scientific communities.
Disordered Systems and Biological Organization: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Disordered Systems and Biological Organization held at Les Houches, February 25 – March 8, 1985
Book 20 · Dec 2012 ·
0.0
The NATO workshop on Disordered Systems and Biological Organization was attended, in march 1985, by 65 scientists representing a large variety of fields: Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics and Biology. It was the purpose of this interdisciplinary workshop to shed light on the conceptual connections existing between fields of research apparently as different as: automata theory, combinatorial optimization, spin glasses and modeling of biological systems, all of them concerned with the global organization of complex systems, locally interconnected. Common to many contributions to this volume is the underlying analogy between biological systems and spin glasses: they share the same properties of stability and diversity. This is the case for instance of primary sequences of biopo Iymers I ike proteins and nucleic acids considered as the result of mutation-selection processes [P. W. Anderson, 1983] or of evolving biological species [G. Weisbuch, 1984]. Some of the most striking aspects of our cognitive apparatus, involved In learning and recognttlon [J. Hopfield, 19821, can also be described in terms of stability and diversity in a suitable configuration space. These interpretations and preoccupations merge with those of theoretical biologists like S. Kauffman [1969] (genetic networks) and of mathematicians of automata theory: the dynamics of networks of automata can be interpreted in terms of organization of a system in multiple possible attractors. The present introduction outlInes the relationships between the contributions presented at the workshop and brIefly discusses each paper in its particular scientific context.
Intelligent Decision Support in Process Environments
Book 21 · Nov 2013 ·
0.0
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Intelligent Decision Support in Process Environments, held in San Miniato, Italy, September 16-27, 1985
Software System Design Methods: The Challenge of Advanced Computing Technology
Book 22 · Dec 2012 ·
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In this volume we present the full proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on the theme of the challenge of advanced computing technology to system design methods. This is in fact the second ASI organised by myself and my colleagues in the field of systems reliability; the first was about Electronic Systems Effectiveness and Life Cycle Costing, and the proceed ings were published by the same publisher in 1983, as "Series F (Computer and System Sciences, No. 3)". The first part of the present proceedings concentrates on the development of low-fault and fault-tolerant software. In organising this session I was greatly helped by Mr. John Musa and Professor V. R. Basili. The latter and Or. R. W. Selby open our text with their interesting approach to the problem of data collection and of observation sampling for statistical analysis of software development, software testing strategies and error analysis. The problem of clean room software development is also considered. Next Professor B. Randell discusses recursively structured fault-tolerant distributed computer systems, and bases his approach on a UNIX system example. His aim is to establish that a distributed system should be functionally equivalent to an individual computing system. Or. L. F. Pau considers knowledge engineering techniques applied to fault detection, test generation and maintenance of software. This is illustrated by a variety of examples, such as electronic failure detection, control system testing, analysis of intermittent failures, false alarm reduction and others. Following this Mr. M.
Designing Computer-Based Learning Materials
Book 23 · Dec 2012 ·
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This book should be of value to all those who are considering the use of or have only just begun to use the computer as a learning aid, regardless of the educational level and the discipline being considered. Although the focus is on computer-based instruction in physics and mathematics at the university- and secondary-school levels, the strategies and problems are universally applicable. At the NATO Advanced Study Institute upon which this volume is based, the obstacles encountered by those engaged in such activities were similar in each of the eighteen countries represented. Despite many false starts by those engaged in applying the computer as a learning aid, we believe unequivocally that the computer presents a unique educational tool yet to be exploited adequately. The reasons for slow development may become obvious as one reads this book: the effort required to achieve measurable success is not trivial. Extensive planning and team efforts are often necessary. Unfortunately, many well-intentioned educators discover this too late. We emphasize very early that it is the opportunity to engage students as active participants in the learning process which sets computer-based learning apart from the learning potential of other electronic media.