Charles Firth was born on 16 March 1857 in Sheffield, and educated at Clifton College abd Balliol College, Oxford, where he was awarded the Stanhope prize for an essay on Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley. He became a lecturer at Pembroke College in 1887, and a Fellow of All Souls in 1901. He gave the Ford Lectures in 1900, was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1903, and became Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford in 1904, holding the post until 1925. He was President of the Royal Historical Society 1913-17. He died in Oxford on 19 February 1936.