Harvey C. Mansfield has spent his life at Harvard, where he studies and teaches political philosophy. He is a translator of Machiavelli and Tocqueville, writing on Edmund Burke, the invention of indirect government, defensible and constitutional liberalism, the discovery of the theory of executive power, and the nature of manliness. He has received the National Humanities Medal (2004), delivered the annual Thomas Jefferson lecture (2007), and has been awarded the Bradley Prize.