Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons (BCPS) has been the pioneer in developing postgraduate medical education and training in this country. The College has played a unique role in producing specialists in various disciplines of medical science who are working as medical teachers, consultants and specialists. Fellows and Members of the College still constitute the majority of the specialist manpower in the country. Fellows of the College are also performing as specialist abroad. The College bears a heritage to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP). The Eastern wing of the then Pakistan, which is now Bangladesh, had an office of the CPSP, but most activity was being conducted from the western wing. Following the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, on the initiative of the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who was the Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh at that time, BCPS was established by a Presidential Order in June 1972. The Presidential order was made into the BCPS ACT in 2018. A key role was played at that time by National Professor Nurul Islam. Professor Kazi Shamsul Haque was the first President of the College. All Fellows of CPSP who hailed from Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) were admitted as founder Fellows of the College.