ย
I send you a gift, which if it answers ill the obligations I owe you, is at any rate the greatest which Niccolรฒ Machiavelli has it in his power to offer. For in it I have expressed whatever I have learned, or have observed for myself during a long experience and constant study of human affairs. And since neither you nor any other can expect more at my hands, you cannot complain if I have not given you more.
ย
์ ๊ฐ ์ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ณด๋ด๋๋ฆฝ๋๋ค. ๋ง์ฝ ์ ๊ฐ ๋น์ ์๊ฒ ์ง ๋น์ด ๋์๊ฒ ๋๋ต๋๋ค๋ฉด, ์ด์จ๋ ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ค ์ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ์ ๋ฌผ์ ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ ์์์ ์ ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํ ์ค๋ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผ ๋์์๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ด ๊ฒ, ํน์ ์ค์ค๋ก ๊ด์ฐฐํ ๊ฒ์ ํํํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋น์ ์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ ๋์๊ฒ ๋ ๋ง์ ๊ฒ์ ๊ธฐ๋ํ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ๋ด๊ฐ ๋น์ ์๊ฒ ๋ ์ฃผ์ง ์์๋ค๋ฉด ๋น์ ์ ๋ถํํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
ย
You may indeed lament the poverty of my wit, since what I have to say is but poorly said; and tax the weakness of my judgment, which on many points may have erred in its conclusions. But granting all this, I know not which of us is less beholden to the other: I to you, who have forced me to write what of myself I never should have written; or you to me, who have written what can give you no content.
ย
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์ ์งํ์ ๋น๊ณค์ ํํํ์ค์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฆ ๋๋ค. ์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ ๋ง์ ํํธ์์ด ํ๋ ๋ง์ด๊ณ , ์ ํ๋จ๋ ฅ์ ์ฝํจ์ ๋ํด ๋น๋ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ค. ๋ง์ ์ ์์ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์๋ชป๋์์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฑธ ์ธ์ ํ๋ค๋ฉด, ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค ๋๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ ์ ์ธ๋ฅผ ์ก๋์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฆ ๋๋ค. ๋ด๊ฐ ์ฐ์ง ๋ง์์ผ ํ ๊ธ์ ์ฐ๋๋ก ๊ฐ์ํ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์๊ฒ, ๋๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์๊ฒ ์๋ฌด ๋ด์ฉ๋ ์ค ์ ์๋ ๊ธ์ ์ด ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์๊ฒ, ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋งํฉ๋๋ค.
ย
Take this, however, in the spirit in which all that comes from a friend should be taken, in respect whereof we always look more to the intention of the giver than to the quality of the gift. And, believe me, that in one thing only I find satisfaction, namely, in knowing that while in many matters I may have made mistakes, at least I have not been mistaken in choosing you before all others as the persons to whom I dedicate these Discourses; both because I seem to myself, in doing so, to have shown a little gratitude for kindness received, and at the same time to have departed from the hackneyed custom which leads many authors to inscribe their works to some Prince, and blinded by hopes of favour or reward, to praise him as possessed of every virtue; whereas with more reason they might reproach him as contaminated with every shameful vice.
ย
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํญ์ ์ ๋ฌผ์ ์ง๋ณด๋ค ์ฃผ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์๋๋ฅผ ๋ ์ค์ํ๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ์น๊ตฌ์๊ฒ์ ์ค๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ทจํด์ผ ํ๋ค๋ ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค์ด์ญ์์ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์ผ์ญ์์ค. ํ ๊ฐ์ง, ์ฆ ๋ง์ ๋ฌธ์ ์์ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ค์๋ฅผ ์ ์ง๋ ์ ์ ์์ง๋ง ์ ์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ณด๋ค ๋จผ์ ๋น์ ์ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ด ์ฑ ์ ๋ฐ์น ์ฌ๋์ผ๋ก ์ ํํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ค์๋ฅผ ํ์ง ์์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์์ ๋ง์กฑ์ ์ป์ต๋๋ค. ๋ด๋ก ; ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ ์น์ ์ ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํํ๋ ๋์์ ๋ง์ ์๊ฐ๋ค๋ก ํ์ฌ๊ธ ์์ ์ ์ํ์ ์ด๋ค ์์์๊ฒ ์๊ธฐ๊ฒ ํ๊ณ , ํธ์ ๋๋ ๋ณด์, ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฏธ๋์ ์์ ํ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์นญ์ฐฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํด; ๋ ๋ง์ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ถ๋๋ฌ์ด ์ ๋์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฝํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋น๋ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
ย
To avoid which error I have chosen, not those who are but those who from their infinite merits deserve to be Princes; not such persons as have it in their power to load me with honours, wealth, and preferment, but such as though they lack the power, have all the will to do so. For men, if they would judge justly, should esteem those who are, and not those whose means enable them to be generous; and in like manner those who know how to govern kingdoms, rather than those who possess the government without such knowledge. For Historians award higher praise to Hiero of Syracuse when in a private station than to Perseus the Macedonian when a King affirming that while the former lacked nothing that a Prince should have save the name, the latter had nothing of the King but the kingdom.
ย
๋ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ค ์๋ชป์ ํํ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์, ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์๋ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋ฌดํํ ๊ณต๋์ผ๋ก ์์๊ฐ ๋ ์๊ฒฉ์ด ์๋ ์๋ค์ด ์๋๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ถ๋ฅ์ผ๋ก ๋์๊ฒ ๋ช ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํนํ๋ฅผ ์ค ์ ์๋ ์๋ค์ ์๋์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ถ๋ฅ์ด ๋ถ์กฑํ์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํ ์์ง๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ ๋นํ๊ฒ ํ๋จํ๋ ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ๊ฐ์ง ์๋ค์ ์กด๊ฒฝํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ด๋ํ๊ฒ ํ๋ ์๋ค์ ์กด๊ฒฝํด์๋ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ด, ์๊ตญ์ ํต์นํ ์ค ์๋ ์๋ค๋ณด๋ค๋, ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์๋ค์ ์กด๊ฒฝํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ญ์ฌ๊ฐ๋ค์ ์๋ผ์ฟ ์ฌ์ ํ์๋ก(Hiero of Syracuse)๊ฐ ์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ ๋ถ์ ์์ ๋ ๋ง์ผ๋๋์ ์ ํ๋ฅด์ธ์ฐ์ค๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋์ ์ฐฌ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ด๋๋ฐ, ์์ด ์์๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๊ตฌํด์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋จ์ธํ ๋, ์๋ผ์ฟ ์ฌ์ ํ์๋ก๋ ์๊ตญ์ ๋ํด ์๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ ๊ฐ์ง์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค.
ย
Make the most, therefore, of this good or this evil, as you may esteem it, which you have brought upon yourselves; and should you persist in the mistake of thinking my opinions worthy your attention, I shall not fail to proceed with the rest of the History in the manner promised in my Preface. Farewell.
ย
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ์ด ์ ๊ณผ ์ ์ ์ต๋ํ ํ์ฉํ์ญ์์ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์ค์ค๋ก ์์ดํ ์ด ์ ๊ณผ ์ ์ ์กด์คํ์ญ์์ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ง์ฝ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๊ท๋ด์๋ค์ ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ์๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ ์ค์๋ฅผ ๊ณ์ํ๋ค๋ฉด, ์ ๋ ๋ฐ๋์ ์ ์๋ฌธ์์ ์ฝ์ํ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ญ์ฌ์ ๋๋จธ์ง๋ฅผ ์งํํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. ์๋ .
-๋ชฉ์ฐจ(Index)-
ํ๋กค๋ก๊ทธ(Prologue). ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์์ด๊ณ ์ (English Classics) 999์ ์ ์ฝ์ด์ผ ํ๋ 7๊ฐ์ง ์ด์
์กฐ๋ช ํ ํธ์ง์ฅ์ 10๊ฐ์ง ํค์๋๋ก ์ฝ๋ ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)
01. ํผ๋ ์ฒด ๊ณตํ๊ตญ์ ์ ์นํ์ ๊ฒธ ์ฌ์๊ฐ(1469~1527)
02. ์ ์ ๋ก (Art of War)(1521)
03. ํฌ๊ณก ๋ง๋๋ผ ๊ณจ๋ผ(La Mandragola, The Mandrake)(1524)
04. ๋ก๋ง์ฌ ๋ ผ๊ณ (Discourses on Livy)(1531)
05. ๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋ก (The Prince)(1532)
06. ํผ๋ ์ฒด์ฌ(Istorie Fiorentine)(1532)
07. ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ 3๋ ์ ์
08. ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)๋ฅผ ๋ง๋๋ 10๊ฐ์ง ์ฅ์
09. ์ค๋์ค๋ถ(Audio Books)์ผ๋ก ๋ฃ๋ ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)
10. ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)์ ์ด๋ก(Quotes)(30)
๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ก๋ง์ฌ ๋ ผ๊ณ โ (Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Liviusโ by Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)(1531)
Niccol Machiavelli To Zanobi Buondelmonti And Cosimo Rucellai Health.
BOOK I.
Preface
I. Of the beginnings of Cities in general, and in particular of that of Rome
II. Of the various kinds of Government; and to which of them the Roman Commonwealth belonged
III. Of the accidents which led in Rome to the creation of Tribunes of the People, whereby the Republic was made more perfect
IV. That the dissensions between the Senate and Commons of Rome made Rome free and powerful
V. Whether the guardianship of public freedom is safer in the hands of the Commons or of the Nobles; and whether those who seek to acquire power, or they who seek to maintain it, are the greater cause of commotions
VI. Whether it was possible in Rome to contrive such a Government as would have composed the differences between the Commons and the Senate
VII. That to preserve liberty in a State, there must exist the right to accuse
VIII. That calumny is as hurtful in a Commonwealth as the power to accuse is useful
IX. That to give new institutions to a Commonwealth, or to reconstruct old institutions on an entirely new basis, must be the work of one Man
X. That in proportion as the founder of a Kingdom or Commonwealth merits praise, he who founds a Tyranny deserves blame
XI. Of the Religion of the Romans
XII. That it is of much moment to make account of Religion; and that Italy, through the Roman Church, being wanting therein, has been ruined
XIII. Of the use the Romans made of Religion in giving institutions to their City; in carrying out their enterprises; and in quelling tumults
XIV. That the Romans interpreted the auspices to meet the occasion; and made a prudent show of observing the rites of Religion even when forced to disregard them; and any who rashly slighted Religion they punished
XV. How the Samnites, as a last resource in their broken fortunes, had recourse to Religion
XVI. That a People accustomed to live under a Prince, if by any accident it become free, can hardly preserve that freedom
XVII. That a corrupt People obtaining freedom can hardly preserve it
XVIII. How a free Government existing in a corrupt City may be preserved, or not existing may be created
XIX. After a strong Prince a weak Prince may maintain himself: but after one weak Prince no Kingdom can stand a second
XX. That the consecutive reigns of two valiant Princes produce great results: and that well-ordered Commonwealths are assured of a succession of valiant Rulers by whom their power and growth are rapidly extended
XXI. That it is a great reproach to a Prince or to a Commonwealth to be without a National Army
XXII. What is to be noted in the combat of the three Roman Horatii and the three Alban Curiatii
XXIII. That we should never hazard our whole fortunes, where we put not forth our entire strength; for which reason to guard a defile is often hurtful
XXIV. That well-ordered States always provide rewards and punishments for their Citizens; and never set off deserts against misdeeds
XXV. That he who would reform the institutions of a free State, must retain at least the semblance of old ways
XXVI. That a new Prince in a city or province of which he has taken possession, ought to make everything new
XXVII. That Men seldom know how to be wholly good or wholly bad
XXVIII. Whence it came that the Romans were less ungrateful to their citizens than were the Athenians
XXIX. Whether a People or a Prince is the more ungrateful
XXX. How Princes and Commonwealths may avoid the vice of ingratitude; and how a Captain or Citizen may escape being undone by it
XXXI. That the Roman Captains were never punished with extreme severity for misconduct; and where loss resulted to the Republic merely through their ignorance or want of judgment, were not punished at all
XXXII. That a Prince or Commonwealth should not defer benefits until they are forced to yield them
XXXIII. When a mischief has grown up in, or against a State, it is safer to temporize with it than to meet it with violence
XXXIV. That the authority of the Dictator did good and not harm to the Roman Republic; and that it is, not those powers which are given by the free suffrages of the People, but those which ambitious Citizens usurp for themselves that are pernicious to a State
XXXV. Why the creation of the Decemvirate in Rome, although brought about by the free and open suffrage of the Citizens, was hurtful to the liberties of that Republic
XXXVI. That Citizens who have held the higher offices of a Commonwealth should not disdain the lower
XXXVII. Of the mischief bred in Rome by the Agrarian Law: and how it is a great source of disorder in a Commonwealth to pass a law opposed to ancient usage with stringent retrospective effect
XXXVIII. That weak Republics are irresolute and undecided; and that the course they may take depends more on Necessity than Choice
XXXIX. That often the same accidents are seen to befall different Nations
XL. Of the creation of the Decemvirate in Rome, and what therein is to be noted. Wherein among other matters it is shown how the same causes may lead to the safety or to the ruin of a Commonwealth
XLI. That it is unwise to pass at a bound from leniency to severity, or to a haughty bearing from a humble
XLII. How easily men become corrupted
XLIII. That men fighting in their own cause make good and resolute Soldiers
XLIV. That the Multitude is helpless without a head: and that we should not with the same breath threaten and ask leave
XLV. That it is of evil example, especially in the maker of a law, not to observe the law when made: and that daily to renew acts of severity in a City is most hurtful to the Governor
XLVI. That men climb from one step of ambition to another, seeking at first to escape injury, and then to injure others
XLVII. That though men deceive themselves in generalities, in particulars they judge truly
XLVIII. He who would not have an office bestowed on some worthless or wicked person, should contrive that it be solicited by one who is utterly worthless and wicked, or else by one who is in the highest degree noble and good
XLIX. That if Cities which, like Rome, had their beginning in freedom, have had difficulty in framing such laws as would preserve their freedom, Cities which at the first have been in subjection will find this almost impossible
L. That neither any Council nor any Magistrate should have power to bring the Government of a City to a stay
LI. What a Prince or Republic does of necessity, should seem to be done by choice
LII. That to check the arrogance of a Citizen who is growing too powerful in a State, there is no safer method, nor less open to objection, than to forestall him in those ways whereby he seeks to advance himself
LIII. That the People, deceived by a false show of advantage, often desire what would be their ruin; and that large hopes and brave promises easily move them
LIV. Of the boundless authority which a great man may use to restrain an excited Multitude
LV. That the Government is easily carried on in a City wherein the body of the People is not corrupted: and that a Princedom is impossible where equality prevails, and a Republic where it does not
LVI. That when great calamities are about to befall a City or Country, signs are seen to presage, and seers arise who foretell them
LVII. That the People are strong collectively, but individually weak
LVIII. That a People is wiser and more constant than a Prince
LIX. To what Leagues or Alliances we may most trust, whether those we make with Commonwealths or those we make with Princes
LX. That the Consulship and all the other Magistracies in Rome were given without respect to Age
๋ถ๋ก(Appendix). ์ธ๊ณ์ ๊ณ ์ ์ ์ฌํํ๋ ํ์นํ์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์ํ ์๋ด์(The Hitchhikerโs Guide to Worldsโs Classics)
A01. ํ๋ฒ๋ ์์ (Harvard Book Store) ์ง์ ์ถ์ฒ ๋์ 100์ (Staffโs Favorite 100 Books) & ํ๋งค๋์ 100์(Top 100 Books)
A02. ์์ธ๋ ๊ถ์ฅ๋์ 100
A03. ์ฐ์ธํ๋ ๋์ ๊ณ ์ 200์
A04. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋ํ๊ต ์ธ์ข ์บ ํผ์ค ๊ถ์ฅ๋์ 100์
A05. ์์ธ๋, ์ฐ์ธ๋, ๊ณ ๋ ค๋ ๊ณตํต ๊ถ์ฅ๋์ 60๊ถ
A06. ์ฑ๊ท ๊ด๋ํ๊ต ์ค๊ฑฐ์(ไบ่ปๆธ) ์ฑ๊ท ๊ณ ์ 100์
A07. ๊ฒฝํฌ๋ ํ๋ง๋ํ์ค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง(Humanitas College) ๊ต์ํ๋ ์ 100์
A08. ํฌ์คํ (ํฌํญ๊ณต๋) ๊ถ์ฅ๋์ 100์
A09. ์นด์ด์คํธ(KAIST) ๋ ์๋ง์ผ๋ฆฌ์ง์ ์ถ์ฒ๋์ 100๊ถ
A10. ๋ฌธํ์ ์์์ ๋ฐ ์ถ์ฒ๋์(44)
A11. ์์ด๊ณ ์ (English Classics) ์ค๋์ค๋ถ์ ๋ฌด๋ฃ๋ก ๋ฃ๋ 5๊ฐ์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)
A12. ์ํยท๋๋ผ๋ง๋ก ๋ง๋๋ ์์ด๊ณ ์ (Movies And TV Shows Based on English Classic Books)
ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์์ด๊ณ ์ (English Classics) 999์
ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ๋์๋ชฉ๋ก(1,235)
ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์์ด๊ณ ์ (English Classics) 999์
ย
ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์์ด๊ณ ์ (English Classics) 999์ ์ ๋ ์ด์์ ์ค๋ช ์ด ํ์ ์์ ์ ๋๋ก ์ ๋ช ํ ๊ณ ์ ๋ช ์ ์ค์์๋ ๋์ค์ฑ์ ๊ฒธ๋นํ ๋ฒ ์คํธ์ ๋ฌ๋ฅผ ์์ ํด ์ ์ ํ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ ๋ ์๋ค์ ๋๊ณผ ๊ท๋ฅผ ๋์์ ๋ง์กฑ์ํฌ ์ ์๋๋ก ์์ด๊ณ ์ (English Classics)๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณ ์ต๋ ๋ฌด๋ฃ ๋๋ฉ์ธ ์ค๋์ค๋ถ(free public domain audioBooks) ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ณต์ค(LibriVox) ์ค๋์ค๋ถ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋์๋ณ๋ก ์ฒจ๋ถํ์์ต๋๋ค. ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์กฐ๋ช ํ ํธ์ง์ฅ์ โOO๊ฐ์ง ํค์๋๋ก ์ฝ๋ ์๊ฐ & ์ํโ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์ ํจ๊ป ์๋ฐฑ ๋ ์ ์ธ์์๋ ๋ณ์น ์๋ ๊ณ ์ ๊ฑธ์์ ๊ฐ๋์ ๋ค์ ํ๋ฒ ํ์ธํด ๋ณด์๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋๋๋ค. ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์์ด๊ณ ์ (English Classics)๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์ด์ ๋, ์ค๋๋, ๋ด์ผ๋ ๋ฉ์ง ๋ฌธํ๊ธฐํ์! B
ย
ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค ์ฝ๋ ์ (Fyodor Dostoyevsky Collection)(12)
์์ด๊ณ ์ 053 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ์ฃ์ ๋ฒ
English Classics053 Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 057 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ์นด๋ผ๋ง์กฐํ๊ฐ์ ํ์ ๋ค
English Classics057 The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 354 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ์งํ๋ก๋ถํฐ์ ์๊ธฐ
English Classics354 Notes from the Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 355 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ๋ฐฑ์น
English Classics355 The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 356 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ์ ๋ น
English Classics356 The Possessed(The Devils) by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 357 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค ๋จํธ์ง
English Classics357 Short Stories by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 358 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ๋ฐฑ์ผ
English Classics358 White Nights and Other Stories by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 359 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ๋ ธ๋ฆ๊พผ
English Classics359 The Gambler by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 360 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ์ฃฝ์์ ์ง์ ๊ธฐ๋ก; ์๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์ ์ ํ๊ธฐ
English Classics360 The House of the Dead; or, Prison Life in Siberia by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 361 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ๊ฐ๋ํ ์ฌ๋๋ค
English Classics361 Poor Folk by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 362 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ์คํ๋ธ๋ก๊ธด์ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ
English Classics362 Stavrogin's Confession and The Plan of The Life of a Great Sinner by Dostoyevsky
์์ด๊ณ ์ 363 ํ๋๋ฅด ๋์คํ ์์คํค์ ์์ ์จ์ ๊ฟ & ์์ํ ๋จํธ
English Classics363 Uncle's Dream; and The Permanent Husband by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
ย
๊ทธ๋ฆผ ํ์ ์ฝ๋ ์ (Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm Collection)(04)
์์ด๊ณ ์ 029 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ํ์ ๋ํ์ง
English Classics029 Grimms' Fairy Tales by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm
์์ด๊ณ ์ 364 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ํ์ ๋ฏผ๋ด์งโ
English Classics364 Household Talesโ by Brothers Grimm by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm
์์ด๊ณ ์ 365 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ํ์ ๋ฏผ๋ด์งโ ก
English Classics365 Household Talesโ ก by Brothers Grimm by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm
์์ด๊ณ ์ 366 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ํ์ ์ ์ค๋ ธ๋๋กญ
English Classics366 Snowdrop & Other Tales by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm
ย
๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ๋ ์ (Niccolรฒ Machiavelli Collection)(04)
์์ด๊ณ ์ 025 ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋ก
English Classics025 The Prince by Niccolรฒ Machiavelli
์์ด๊ณ ์ 367 ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ ํผ๋ ์ฒด์ฌ
English Classics367 History of Florence and of the Affairs of Italy by Niccolรฒ Machiavelli
์์ด๊ณ ์ 368 ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ก๋ง์ฌ ๋ ผ๊ณ โ
English Classics368 Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Liviusโ by Niccolรฒ Machiavelli
์์ด๊ณ ์ 369 ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ก๋ง์ฌ ๋ ผ๊ณ โ ก
English Classics369 Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Liviusโ ก by Niccolรฒ Machiavelli
์์ด๊ณ ์ 370 ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ก๋ง์ฌ ๋ ผ๊ณ โ ข
English Classics370 Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Liviusโ ข by Niccolรฒ Machiavelli
์์ด๊ณ ์ 371 ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ ์ ์ ๋ก
English Classics371 The Art of War by Niccolรฒ Machiavelli
ย
ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea๋ 2012๋ ๋ถํฐ ํ์ฌ๊น์ง 1,000์ข ์ด์์ ์ฝํ ์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ ๋ฐ ์ถ๊ฐํ ์ฌํ ์ ๋ฌธ ๋์งํธ ์ฝํ ์ธ ํผ๋ธ๋ฆฌ์ (Digital Contents Publisher)์ ๋๋ค. ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ ๋ฌธ์๊ฐ์ ํจ๊ป ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ฌํ ๊ฐ์ด๋๋ถ ์์ฝ์ค(1 Course), ํฌํ ์์ธ์ด ์๋ํ(Onederful), ์ฌํ์์ธ์ด ๋ณ ํค๋ ๋ฐค(Counting the Stars at Night) ๋ฑ ์ ์ธ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์์ฐ๋ฅด๋ ๋ถ์ผ๋ณ ์ฌํ ์ฝํ ์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ ๋์๊ฐ ์ธ๋ฌธ ๊ต์์ ์ง์์ ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ(Knowledgeโs Ark)์ ็ฅ์ ๋ฐ์ด๋ธ(Bible of Knowledge), ์ค์ฉ์ ์์ท(1 Shot)๊ณผ IT๋ก์ผ(IT Rocket) ๋ฑ ์๋ก์ด ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ฌํ์ ์ฝ๋ผ๋ณด์๋ ์ง์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ ํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ตญ๋ด ์ต๊ณ & ์ต๋ค ์ฌํ ์ฝํ ์ธ ๋์งํธ ํผ๋ธ๋ฆฌ์ ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea(๋ฐฉ์ก๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค์ค์ 2017 โ์ต๋ค ์ถ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ต๋ค ์๊ฒฉ์ฆโ ์์)์ ํจ๊ป ์ด์ ๋, ์ค๋๋, ๋ด์ผ๋ ๋ฉ์ง ์ฌํ์!
ย
ํ ๋ง์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea
editor@themetn.com
์น์ง : www.themetn.com
์ถํ์ฌ : www.upaper.net/themetn
์ ํ๋ธ : http://bit.ly/2J3yd0m
ํ์ด์ค๋ถ : www.fb.com/themetn
ํธ์ํฐ : www.twitter.com/themetn
๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)
ย
ํผ๋ ์ฒด ๊ณตํ๊ตญ์ ์ ์นํ์ ๊ฒธ ์ฌ์๊ฐ(1469~1527) : ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋๋ฅด๋ ๋ฐ์ด ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ di Bernardo dei Machiavelli), ์ผ๋ช ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)๋ ๋ฅด๋ค์์ค ์๋ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์ ํผ๋ ์ฒด์ ์ธ๊ต๊ด์ด์ ์ฒ ํ์๋ก, ๊ทธ์ ์ ์น ์ฒ ํ์ ๋ด์ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋ก (The Prince)(1532)์ผ๋ก ์ ์๋ ค์ง ์ ์นํ์ ๊ฒธ ์ฌ์๊ฐ์ ๋๋ค. ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋ 1469๋ ๋ณํธ์ฌ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๋๋ฅด๋ ๋ ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Bernardo di Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)์ ๋ฐ๋ฅดํจ๋ก๋ฉ์ ๋ฐ ์คํ ํ๋ ธ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ(Bartolomea di Stefano Nelli)์ ์ ์งธ์ด์ ์ฅ๋จ์ผ๋ก ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์์ โ๊ฝ์ ๋์โ ํผ๋ ์ฒด์์ ํ์ด๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.
ย
โํผ๋ ์ฒด๋ ๊ณง ๋ฉ๋์นโ๋ผ๊ณ ํด๋ ๊ณผ์ธ์ด ์๋ ์ ๋๋ก, ํผ๋ ์ฒด์ ์ญ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช ํจ์ ์์ด์ ๋ฉ๋์น๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋์ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋, ๋ฐฑ์ผ ๋ถ์ ๊ฝ์ ์๋ ๋ฒ! ๋ฉ๋์น๊ฐ๋ 1492๋ โ์๋ํ ๋ก๋ ์ดโ๋ผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ก๋ ์ด ๋ฐ ๋ฉ๋์น(Lorenzo de' Medici)์ ์ฌ๋ง๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์์ํ ๊ธฐ์ธ์ด์ง๊ธฐ ์์ํฉ๋๋ค. 1494๋ ๋ฌด๋ฅํ ์ฅ๋จ ๊ทธ์ ์ฅ๋จ ํผ์๋ก ๋ ๋ก๋ ์ด ๋ฐ ๋ฉ๋์น์ ์ค๋งํ ํผ๋ ์ฒด๋ ๋ฉ๋์น๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ๋ฐฉํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ โ๋ฉ๋์น์ ํผ๋ ์ฒดโ๊ฐ ์๋, โํผ๋ ์ฒด ๊ณตํ๊ตญ(Florentine Republic)โ์ผ๋ก์ ์ฒด์ง๊ฐ์ ์ ์์ํฉ๋๋ค.
ย
์ ์๋๋ง ํผ๋ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง๊ถํ ์๋์ฌ ์ฌ๋ณด๋๋กค๋ผ(Girolamo Savonarola)๊ฐ 1498๋ ๊ต์ํ์ ์ด์ ํํ์ผ๋ก ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ์๊ณ , ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋ ํํ์์ด ๊ฑฐํ๋๊ณ , ํผ๋์ ๋น ์ง ํผ๋ ์ฒด ๊ณตํ๊ตญ(Florentine Republic)์ ์ 2์๊ธฐ๊ด(Second Chancery)์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ๋์ด ๊ณต์ง์ ์ํํ์์ต๋๋ค. 1512๋ ๊น์ง 15๋ ๊ฐ ํผ๋ ์ฒด ๊ณตํ๊ตญ์ ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ผ๋ก ์ข ์ฌํ๋ฉฐ ํผ๋ ์ฒด์ ๋ด์ ๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ, ์ ๋ฝ ์ ์ญ์ ๋๋น๋ ์ธ๊ต๊ด์ผ๋ก ๋งนํ์ฝํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋น์์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ํ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฐ ์ ์ ๋ก (Art of War)(1521), ๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋ก (The Prince)(1532) ๋ฑ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ ์น๋ฅผ ๋๋๋๋ ํ๋ ฅ์ ์์๋ถ์ด ๋์์ต๋๋ค. 1509๋ ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๋์ค ์ค๋ฅผ 8์ธ(Charles VIII)๊ฐ ์ ๋ นํ ํผ์ฌ(Pisa)๋ฅผ, ์๋ ์ ๋ถํฐ ์์ ์ด ์ง์ ์งํํ ๋ฏผ๋ณ๋๋ก ์๋ณตํ๋๋ฐ ์ฑ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋, ๊ทธ์ ์๊ด์ ๋ถ๊ณผ 3๋ ํ 1512๋ ๊ตํฉ ์จ๋ฆฌ์ฐ์ค 2์ธ(Pope Julius II)์ ์ง์ง์ ํจ๊ป ๋ฉ๋์น๊ฐ๊ฐ ํผ๋ ์ฒด๋ก ๋ณต๊ทํ๋ฉด์ ๋๋๊ฒ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
ย
๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฐํ ๋ฉ๋์น๊ฐ์ ๋ฐํ ํ์๋ก ๊ณต์ง์์ ์ซ๊ฒจ ๋ฌ์ ๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ, ์ด๋ฌํด์๋ ์ ๋ํ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ ์ฒํด์ก์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋! ๋ฉ๋์น ๊ฐ๋ฌธ์ ์กฐ๋ฐ๋ ๋ ๋ก๋ ์ด ๋ฐ ๋ฉ๋์น(Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici)๊ฐ ๋ฉ๋์น ๊ฐ ์ต์ด์ ๊ตํฉ, ๊ตํฉ ๋ ์ค 10์ธ(Papa Leone X)๋ก ์ทจ์ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฌ์ ๋ง๋ฌผ๋ ค, ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ํน๋ณ์ฌ๋ฉด์ ํตํด ๋ชฉ์จ์ ๊ฑด์ง ์ ์์์ผ๋, ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ ๊น์ง ๊ทธ๊ฐ ์ผ์ํ๋ ๊ณต์ง์ผ๋ก์ ๋ณต๊ท๋ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋, ๊ณต์ง์์ ์ซ๊ฒจ๋ ์๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ฐํด์ง ๋๋ถ์ ํผ๋ ์ฒด ์ธ๊ณฝ์ ์ ํ์์ ์นฉ๊ฑฐํ๋ฉฐ ๊ธ์ ์ผ๊ณ , ํ๋์ ๊ทธ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ ์ธ์์ ์๋ฆฐ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์๋ฌ์ ๋ฐํํ์์ผ๋ ์ธ์์ด๋ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
ย
์์ํ ํผ๋ ์ฒดไบบ ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli) : ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)๋ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ์ด์ ์ โํผ๋ ์ฒด์ธโ์ผ๋ก ํผ๋ ์ฒด ๊ณณ๊ณณ์ ๊ทธ์ ํ์ ์ด ํ์ฌ๊น์ง๋ ์ ๋จ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ํนํ ๊ณ ํฅ์ธ ํผ๋ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋๊ตฌ๋ณด๋ค ์ฌ๋ํ๋ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ก, ํผ๋ ์ฒด์ฌ(Istorie Fiorentine)(1532)๋ฅผ ์งํํ ๋ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฌํ์์๊ฒ ํผ๋ ์ฒด๋ ๋ฏธ์ผ๋์ ค๋ก๋ฅผ ๋น๋กฏํ ์์ ๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ํ ๋์ ๊ณผ ์ด์ ์ฌ์ด(Between Calm and Passion)(2001)์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฑ์ด ๋ ์ค๋ฅด์ง๋ง, ๋ฌธํ๊ธฐํ์์๊ฒ๋ โ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ ๋์โ์ด์ โ๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์ ๊ณ ํฅโ์ผ๋ก๋ ์์์ด ์์ง์! ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)๊ฐ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ๋ ์๋จ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ถ์ ํ์ฌ ๋ฒ ํค์ค๊ถ(Palazzo Vecchio)์ผ๋ก ๋ถ๋ฆฝ๋๋ค. ์๋จ๋ฆฌ์์ ํ์ ์ ๊ถ๊ณผ ๋ง๋ฟ์ ์๋ ์๋จ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ด์ฅ(Piazza della Signoria)์ ๋จ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ํผ๋ ์ฒด ์ฌํ์๋ผ๋ฉด ํ๋ฒ์ฏค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ๋ โ์๊ณํ ๊ด์ฅโ์ด์ฃ !
ย
๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์ ์งํํ ๋น๋ผ ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Villa Machiavelli) : ํผ๋ ์ฒด๊ณตํ์ ์ 2์๊ธฐ๊ด(1498~1512)์ผ๋ก ์ข ์ฌํ๋ ๋์ฝ๋ก ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Niccolรฒ Machiavelli)๋ ๊ณต์ง์์ ์ซ๊ฒจ๋ ํผ๋ ์ฒด ์๋ฅด๋ ธ ๊ฐ(Arno) ๊ฑด๋ ๋จ์์ชฝ์ ์ง์ ๊ตฌํ์์ต๋๋ค. ํผ๋ ์ฒด๊ฐ ํ๋์ ๋ค์ด์ค๋ ์ธ๋ ์์ ์ ํ ๋น๋ผ ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ(Villa Machiavelli)์์ ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ธ์ ๊ฐ ๋ณต๊ท๋ฅผ ๊ฟ๊พธ๋ฉฐ, ํ๋ ์์ ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์๋ฆฐ ๊ฑธ์์ ์ฐ๋ฌ์ ์งํํ์์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ฌ๋ ์งํ์ ํฌ๋์ฃผ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถ ํ ์ค์นด๋ ์์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ ์ค.
ย
์ฐํ ํฌ๋ก์ฒด ์ฑ๋น(Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence) : ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋ 1527๋ , 58์ธ์ ๋์ด๋ก ์ฐํ ํฌ๋ก์ฒด ์ฑ๋น(Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence)์์ ์๋ฉด์ ๋ค์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐํ ํฌ๋ก์ฒด ์ฑ๋น์ ํผ๋ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ํํ๋ ๋น๋์ ๋ช ์ฌ๋ค์ด ์ ๋ ๊ณณ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌด๋ ค ๊ฐ๋ฆด๋ ์ค, ๋ฏธ์ผ๋์ ค๋ก, ๋จํ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋งํค์๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ ๋ฒ์ ๋ง๋ ์ ์๋ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ๋๋ค. ๋ฌ๋น๋ช ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค. TANTO NOMINI NULLUM PAR ELOGIUM ๊ทธ ์ด๋ค ์ฐฌ์ฌ๋ ์ดํ ๋ก ์๋ํ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ ์ฐฌ์ํ๋๋ฐ ์ ํฉํ์ง ์์ผ๋ฆฌ์ค.