์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „902 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ๋‹ˆ๊ทธ๋กœ 1915(English Classics902 The Negro by W. E. B. Du Bois)

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โ–ถ ๋‹ˆ๊ทธ๋กœ(The Negro by W. E. B. Du Bois)(1915)๋Š” ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)(1868~1963)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์ž์ด์ž ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๋ก ์ž, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์™•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ, ์—์„ธ์ด, ์†Œ์„ค ๋“ฑ์—์„œ โ€˜๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ผฝ์„๋งŒํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ €์„œ๊ฐ€ โ€˜๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ‘์ธโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹ˆ๊ทธ๋กœ(1915)๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋„“์€ ์‹œ์•ผ์˜ ํ‘์ธ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘์ธ์ด ํƒœ๋™ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์›ํ•œ ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์™€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์ธ ์ธ์ข… ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€โ€ฆโ€ฆ. ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์™œ๊ณกํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ํ‘์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ ๋‚˜๋ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ™”ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์ฐฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์ง‘๋Œ€์„ฑํ•œ ๋‹ˆ๊ทธ๋กœ(1915)๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™์„ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•œ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ฝฐ๋ฉ” ์€ํฌ๋ฃจ๋งˆ(Kwame Nkurmah)(1909~1972)์™€๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ํ‘์ธ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๋ฒ”์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ฃผ์˜(Pan- Africanism)๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘๊ฒŒ๋„ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ณธ(์‚ผ์ฒœ๋ฆฌ, 2013)์ด ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„! B

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โ–ถ PREFACE. The time has not yet come for a complete history of the Negro peoples. Archรฆological research in Africa has just begun, and many sources of information in Arabian, Portuguese, and other tongues are not fully at our command; and, too, it must frankly be confessed, racial prejudice against darker peoples is still too strong in so-called civilized centers for judicial appraisement of the peoples of Africa. Much intensive monographic work in history and science is needed to clear mooted points and quiet the controversialist who mistakes present personal desire for scientific proof.

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โ–ท ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง. ํ‘์ธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•„์ง ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„์–ด, ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ์–ด ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋ฌธ๋ช… ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์š•๋ง์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ๋‹จํ–‰๋ณธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ Nevertheless, I have not been able to withstand the temptation to essay such short general statement of the main known facts and their fair interpretation as shall enable the general reader to know as men a sixth or more of the human race. Manifestly so short a story must be mainly conclusions and generalizations with but meager indication of authorities and underlying arguments. Possibly, if the Public will, a later and larger book may be more satisfactory on these points. W.E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS. New York City, Feb. 1, 1915.

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โ–ท ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ 6๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ด์ƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งง์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์—์„ธ์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์œ ํ˜น์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์งง์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ถŒ์œ„์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์˜ ๋นˆ์•ฝํ•œ ํ‘œ์‹œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋” ํฐ ์ฑ…์ด ๋” ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)(1868~1963). 1915๋…„ 2์›” 1์ผ ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ.

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โ–ถ I. AFRICA. Africa is at once the most romantic and the most tragic of continents. Its very names reveal its mystery and wide-reaching influence. It is the "Ethiopia" of the Greek, the "Kush" and "Punt" of the Egyptian, and the Arabian "Land of the Blacks." To modern Europe it is the "Dark Continent" and "Land of Contrasts"; in literature it is the seat of the Sphinx and the lotus eaters, the home of the dwarfs, gnomes, and pixies, and the refuge of the gods; in commerce it is the slave mart and the source of ivory, ebony, rubber, gold, and diamonds. What other continent can rival in interest this Ancient of Days?

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โ–ท ์ œ1์žฅ. ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด. ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋น„์™€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ์˜ '์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„', ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ์˜ '์ฟ ์‹œ'์™€ 'ํ‘ผํŠธ', ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„์ธ์˜ 'ํ‘์ธ์˜ ๋•…'. ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "์–ด๋‘์šด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™"๊ณผ "๋Œ€์กฐ์˜ ๋•…"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์Šคํ•‘ํฌ์Šค์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ, ๋‚œ์Ÿ์ด, ๋…ธ์›€, ํ”ฝ์‹œ์˜ ์ง‘, ์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ฒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์•„, ํ‘๋‹จ, ๊ณ ๋ฌด, ๊ธˆ, ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Š˜ ๊ณ„์‹  ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

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โ–ถ IX. THE TRADE IN MEN. There was thus begun in modern days a new slavery and slave trade. It was different from that of the past, because more and more it came in time to be founded on racial caste, and this caste was made the foundation of a new industrial system. For four hundred years, from 1450 to 1850, European civilization carried on a systematic trade in human beings of such tremendous proportions that the physical, economic, and moral effects are still plainly to be remarked throughout the world. To this must be added the large slave trade of Mussulman lands, which began with the seventh century and raged almost unchecked until the end of the nineteenth century.

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โ–ท ์ œ9์žฅ. ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„๋Œ€์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ œ๋„์™€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋ฌด์—ญ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ์ธ์ข…์  ์นด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์นด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—… ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1450๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1850๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 400๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ๋„๋•์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— 7์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฌด์ˆ ๋งŒ ๋•…์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋ฌด์—ญ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




-๋ชฉ์ฐจ(Index)-

โ–ถ ํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ(Prologue). ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ 

โ–ถ 12๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)(1868~1963)

01. ๋ง์ปจ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น(President Lincoln)์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์„ ์–ธ(Emancipation Proclamation) ์ˆ˜์ •ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ œ13์กฐ(13th Amendment)(1863)

02. ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ฒ ํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ(Ph. D)(1868~1963)

03. ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ(The Souls of Black Folk)(1903)

04. ๋ถ€์ปค T. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด(Booker T. Washington)(1856~1915)์˜ ์•„ํ‹€๋ž€ํƒ€ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์•ˆ(Atlanta Compromise) VS ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ์šด๋™(Niagara Movement)

05. ์ „๋ฏธ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ง€์œ„ํ–ฅ์ƒํ˜‘ํšŒ(ๅ…จ็พŽ้ป‘ไบบๅœฐไฝๅ‘ไธŠๅ”ๆœƒ, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)(1909)

06. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ‘์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์—์„œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ๋‹ค(1963)

07. ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด(Martin Luther King, Jr.)์˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(I have a Dream)(1963)

08. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์šฐ์ •์ฒญ(USPS) ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ—ค๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์Šคํƒฌํ”„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ(Black Heritage Stamp Series) ๊ธฐ๋…์šฐํ‘œ(1992, 1998)

09. 100๋ช…์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ(100 Greatest African Americans) ์„ ์ •(2002)

10. ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” 7๊ณณ

11. ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(Audio Books)์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)

12. ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois) ์–ด๋ก(Quotes)(55)

โ–ถ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ๋‹ˆ๊ทธ๋กœ(The Negro by W. E. B. Du Bois)(1915)

THE NEGRO

Preface

I. Africa

II. The Coming Of Black Men

III. Ethiopia And Egypt

IV. The Niger And Islam

V. Guinea And Congo

VI. The Great Lakes And Zymbabwe

VII. The War Of Races At Land's End

VIII. African Culture

IX. The Trade In Men

X. The West Indies And Latin America

XI. The Negro In The United States

XII. The Negro Problems

Suggestions For Further Reading

โ–ถ ๋ถ€๋ก(Appendix). ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ(The Hitchhiker's Guide to Worlds's Classics)

A01. ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ์„œ์ (Harvard Book Store) ์ง์› ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋„์„œ 100์„ (Staff's Favorite 100 Books) & ํŒ๋งค๋„์„œ 100์œ„(Top 100 Books)

A02. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€(Seoul University) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100

A03. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€(Yonsei University) ํ•„๋…๋„์„œ ๊ณ ์ „ 200์„ 

A04. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(Korea University) ์„ธ์ข…์บ ํผ์Šค ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A05. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ยท์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(SKY University) ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 60๊ถŒ

A06. ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€(Sungkyunkwan University) ์˜ค๊ฑฐ์„œ(ไบ”่ปŠๆ›ธ) ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ณ ์ „ 100์„ 

A07. ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€(Kyung Hee University) ํ›„๋งˆ๋‹ˆํƒ€์Šค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(Humanitas College) ๊ต์–‘ํ•„๋…์„œ 100์„ 

A08. ํฌ์Šคํ…(ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๋Œ€)(POSTECH) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A09. ์นด์ด์ŠคํŠธ(KAIST) ๋…์„œ๋งˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์ œ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ 100๊ถŒ

A10. ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ(Literary Awards) ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ(44)

A11. ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)

A12. ์˜ํ™”ยท๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(Movies and TV Shows Based on English Classic Books)

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ๋„์„œ๋ชฉ๋ก(1,739)




โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

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ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ € ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒธ๋น„ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์—„์„ ํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋ช…ํ™” ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์˜ โ€˜ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ & ์ž‘ํ’ˆโ€™ ํ•ด์„ค๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(free public domain audioBooks) ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณต์Šค(LibrIVox) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ €์˜ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„!

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โ–ถ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜(W. E. B. Du Bois Collection)(11๋ถ€์ž‘)

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „034 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ

English Classics034 The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „895 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋ฌด์—ญ์˜ ์–ต์••โ…  1894

English Classics895 The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „896 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋ฌด์—ญ์˜ ์–ต์••โ…ก 1894

English Classics896 The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „897 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๋ณด์กด 1897

English Classics897 The Conservation of Races by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „898 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์™€ ๋ถ€์ปค T. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์˜ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์˜ ํ‘์ธ 1907

English Classics898 The Negro in the South by W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „899 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ์กด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด 1909

English Classics899 John Brown by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „900 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ์†Œ์„ค: ์€์–‘ํ„ธ์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ 1911

English Classics900 The Quest of the Silver Fleece: A Novel by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „901 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง„ํ™” 1911

English Classics901 The social evolution of the Black South by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „902 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ๋‹ˆ๊ทธ๋กœ 1915

English Classics902 The Negro by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „903 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ๋‹คํฌ์›Œํ„ฐ: ์žฅ๋ง‰ ์†์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ 1920

English Classics903 Darkwater: Voices from Within the Veil by W. E. B. Du Bois

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „904 ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค์˜ ํ‘์ธ ๋ฏผ์†์˜ ์„ ๋ฌผ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ‘์ธ ๊ฑด๊ตญ์ž๋“ค 1924

English Classics904 The Gift of Black Folk: The Negroes in the Making of America by W. E. B. Du Bois

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โ–ถ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)(1868~1963)

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โ–ถ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ฒ ํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ(Ph. D)(1868~1963) : ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ํŠธ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(William Edward Burghardt Du Bois), ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋งค์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ ์ฃผ(The Commonwealth of Massachusetts)์—์„œ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์•จํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(Alfred Du Bois)์™€ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ ์‹ค๋น„๋‚˜(Mary Silvina Burghardt) ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ‘์ธ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐฐ๋งํ„ด(Great Barrington)์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต(Searles High School)๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ ๊ตํšŒ Church of Great Barrington์—์„œ ์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ์Šคํฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™(Fisk University)์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€(University of Harvard)์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ท ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€์—์„œ 2๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„ ๋…์ผ ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™(University of Berlin)์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ด ํ›„ ํˆฌ์Šคํ‚ค์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(Tuskegee Institute;), ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™(University of Pennsylvania) ์กฐ๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์• ํ‹€๋žœํƒ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™(Atlanta University) ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž„์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค๋Š” ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ฒ ํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ(1895)โ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ›„ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ์ง€์‹์ธ ๊ฒธ ์ธ๊ถŒ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™œ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰์ƒ ํ‘์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งค์ฒด ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์ด์ž ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒธ ์‹œ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์™•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1943๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋ฌธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ โ€˜์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ‘์ธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€โ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ โ€œThe equality in political, industrial and social life which modern men must have in order to live, is not to be confounded with sameness. On the contrary, in our case, it is rather insistence upon the right of diversity; - upon the right of a human being to be a man even if he does not wear the same cut of vest, the same curl of hair or the same color of skin. Human equality does not even entail, as it is sometimes said, absolute equality of opportunity.โ€ โ–ท โ€œํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ์ด ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•  ์ •์น˜, ์‚ฐ์—…, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋น„๋ก ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๋ผ, ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณฑ์Šฌ๋จธ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์„ ์ž…์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ‰๋“ฑ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

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โ–ถ ์ „๋ฏธ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ ์ง€์œ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํ˜‘ํšŒ(ๅ…จ็พŽ้ป‘ไบบๅœฐไฝๅ‘ไธŠๅ”ๆœƒ, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)(1909) : ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)๋Š” ์ฐฐ์Šค E. ๋Ÿฌ์…€(Charles Edward Russell)(1860~1941), ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ ํ™”์ดํŠธ ์˜ค๋น™ํ„ด(Mary White Ovington)(1865~1951), ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ E. ์›”๋ง(William English Walling)(1877~1936)๊ณผ ์กฐ์—˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„์Šค ์Šคํ•‘๊ฐ„(Joel Elias Spingarn)(1875~1939) ๋“ฑ ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 1909๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฏธ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ ์ง€์œ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํ˜‘ํšŒ(ๅ…จ็พŽ้ป‘ไบบๅœฐไฝๅ‘ไธŠๅ”ๆœƒ, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)์„ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ โ€˜์ „๋ฏธํ‘์ธ์ง€์œ„ํ–ฅ์ƒํ˜‘ํšŒโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ช…์นญ์€ ํ‘์ธ(้ป‘ไบบ)์„ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•œ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ(Colored People)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฏธ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ ์ง€์œ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด(Martin Luther King, Jr.) ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด(Martin Luther King, Jr.)์˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(I have a Dream)(1963) : ๋“€ ๋ณด์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝํ•œ ์ „๋ฏธ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ ์ง€์œ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํ˜‘ํšŒ(ๅ…จ็พŽ้ป‘ไบบๅœฐไฝๅ‘ไธŠๅ”ๆœƒ, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP)(1909)์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋กœ ๋– ๋‚œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ํ‘์ธํ•ด๋ฐฉ์šด๋™์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด(Martin Luther King, Jr.) ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋ž€ ๊ฑธ์ถœํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ต๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋“€ ๋ณด์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚ , ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค - ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด(Martin Luther King, Jr.) ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(I have a Dream)๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ง์ปจ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ด€(Lincoln Memorial)์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ‘์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์—์„œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ๋‹ค(1963) : ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜, ์ž ์‹œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์œ ํ•™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•™๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘์ธ์ธ๊ถŒ์šด๋™๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์ ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง„์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋‡Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด 1961๋…„ ๊ณต์‚ฐ๋‹น์— ์ž…๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ 1963๋…„ 93์„ธ๋ž€ ๊ณ ๋ น์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์— ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „(Encyclopedia Africana) ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ด„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1963๋…„ 95์„ธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ์˜๋ฉดํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตญ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ(Osu Castle) ์ธ๊ทผ์— ์•ˆ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์•„ํฌ๋ผ(Accra)์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ด W.E.B ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค ํŒŒ๋‚˜ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นธ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ธฐ๋… ์„ผํ„ฐ โ€“ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜(W.E.B Du Bois Memorial Centre for Panafrican Culture โ€“ Ghana)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์šฐ์ •์ฒญ(USPS) ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ—ค๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์Šคํƒฌํ”„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ(Black Heritage Stamp Series) ๊ธฐ๋…์šฐํ‘œ(1992, 1998) : ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์šฐ์ •์ฒญ(USPS)์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ—ค๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์Šคํƒฌํ”„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ(Black Heritage Stamp Series)์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ 1992๋…„๊ณผ 1998๋…„ ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ๋…์šฐํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ—ค๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์Šคํƒฌํ”„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ(Black Heritage Stamp Series)๋Š” 1940๋…„ ๋ถ€์ปค T. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด(Booker T. Washington)(1856~1915)๋ฅผ ์ œ1ํ˜ธ๋กœ 2020๋…„์—๋„ ๊ทธ์›ฌ ์•„์ดํ•„(Gwen Ifill)(1955~2016), ๋„ฌ๋ผ ๋ผ์Šจ(Nella Larsen)(1891~1964), ์•Œ๋žญ ๋ฅด๋กœ์ด ๋กœํฌ(Alain LeRoy Locke)(1885~1954), ์•„๋ฅดํˆฌ๋กœ ์•Œํฐ์†Œ ์ˆŒ๋ฒ„๊ทธ(Arturo Alfonso Schomburg)(1874~1938), ์•ค ์ŠคํŽœ์„œ(Anne Spencer)(1882~1975) ๋“ฑ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ 100๋ช…์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ(100 Greatest African Americans) ์„ ์ •(2002) : ํ…œํ”Œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Temple University) ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋ชฐ๋ ˆํ”ผ ์ผ€ํ…Œ ์•„์‚ฐํ…Œ(Molefi Kete Asante)๋Š” 2002๋…„ ์ถœํŒํ•œ โ€˜100๋ช…์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธโ€™(100 Greatest African Americans)(2002)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—…์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ 100๋ช…์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋ฅผ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 100๋ช…์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ(100 Greatest African Americans)(2002)์€ 100๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์—†์ด ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ผ๊ตฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ํ–‰ํฌ ์•„๋ก (Hank Aaron)์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ •์น˜์ธ ๋ง์ฝค X(Malcolm X)๊ฐ€ 100๋ฒˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“€๋ณด์ด์Šค(W. E. B. Du Bois)๋Š” 32๋ฒˆ์งธ์— ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ โ€œThe history of the American Negro is the history of this strife, -- this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost... He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American...โ€ โ–ท "๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ‘์ธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํˆฌ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ์ž๊ธฐ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋‚จ์ž๋‹ค์›€์„ ์–ป๊ณ , ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ค‘์ž์‹ ์„ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ณ  ์ง„์‹ค๋œ ์ž์•„๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์—ด๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์ž์‹ ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...โ€

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