์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „941 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™, ์ •์น˜, ๋„๋• ์ „์ง‘โ…ก 1806(English Classics941 The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics and Morals of the late Dr. Benjamin, Vol.2 [of 3])

ยท ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 901~1,000 Libri 41 ยท ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea
Libรซr elektronik
1830
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Rreth kรซtij libri elektronik

โ–ถ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ(Benjamin Franklin, 1706~1790)์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ, ์—์„ธ์ด, ํŽธ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์—ฎ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ํŽธ์ง‘๋ณธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™, ์ •์น˜, ๋„๋• ์ „์ง‘ 1806(The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics and Morals of the late Dr. Benjamin)์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์™•๋ฆฝํ•™ํšŒ(The Royal Society of London) ํ”ผํ„ฐ ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์Šจ(Peter Collinson, 1694~1768)๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ „๊ธฐ(electricity)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์€ 1751๋…„ ํŒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1766๋…„ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€์™€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ, 1779๋…„ ์ •์น˜์™€ ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ(Political, Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces), 1787๋…„ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๋ฐ ์žก๋‹คํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ(Philosophical and Micellaneous Papers), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1793๋…„ ํšŒ๊ณ ๋ก๊ณผ ์—์„ธ์ด(Memoirs of Dr. Franklin's Life, and Essays)๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ™•์žฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ํŽธ์ง‘๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ 3๋ถ€์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„! B

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โ–ถ Nothing certainly, can be more improving to a searcher into nature, than objections judiciously made to his opinion, taken up, perhaps, too hastily: for such objections oblige him to re-study the point, consider every circumstance carefully, compare facts, make experiments, weigh arguments, and be slow in drawing conclusions. And hence a sure advantage results; for he either confirms a truth, before too slightly supported; or discovers an error, and receives instruction from the objector.

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โ–ท ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์š”์ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ์ €์šธ์งˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฌดํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ง„์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ In this view I consider the objections and remarks you sent me, and thank you for them sincerely: but, how much soever my inclinations lead me to philosophical enquiries, I am so engaged in business, public and private, that those more pleasing pursuits are frequently interrupted, and the chain of thought, necessary to be closely continued in such disquisitions, is so broken and disjointed, that it is with difficulty I satisfy myself in any of them: and I am now not much nearer a conclusion, in this matter of the spout, than when I first read your letter.

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โ–ท ์ด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๋‚ด์ค€ ์ด์˜์™€ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—, ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…, ๊ณต๊ณต, ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ผ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด ๋ง์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ Yet, hoping we may, in time, sift out the truth between us, I will send you my present thoughts, with some observations on your reasons on the accounts in the Transactions, and on other relations I have met with. Perhaps, while I am writing, some new light may strike me, for I shall now be obliged to consider the subject with a little more attention.

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โ–ท ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠธ๋žœ์žญ์…˜์˜ ๊ณ„์ • ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น›์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ 14. Hence the prince, that acquires new territory, if he finds it vacant, or removes the natives to give his own people room;โ€”the legislator, that makes effectual laws for promoting of trade, increasing employment, improving land by more or better tillage, providing more food by fisheries, securing property, &c.โ€”and the man that invents new trades, arts or manufactures, or new improvements in husbandry, may be properly called fathers of their nation, as they are the cause of the generation of multitudes, by the encouragement they afford to marriage.

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โ–ท 14. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ํ† ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋นˆ ์˜ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ฒ•์ž๋Š” ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ด‰์ง„, ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํ† ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ž‘, ์–ด์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ œ๊ณต, ์žฌ์‚ฐ ํ™•๋ณด ๋“ฑ - ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด์—ญ, ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋†์—…์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฉ๋ ค๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ Neither nature nor art have contributed much to the production of subsistence in Switzerland, yet we see frugality preserves and even increases families, that live on their fortunes, and which, in England, we call the gentry; and the observation we cannot but make in the southern part of this kingdom, that those families, including all superior ones, are gradually becoming extinct, affords the clearest proof, that luxury (that is, a greater expence of subsistence than in prudence a man ought to consume) is as destructive as a proportionable want of it; but in Scotland, as in Switzerland, the gentry, though one with another they have not one-fourth of the income, increase in number.

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โ–ท ์ž์—ฐ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋„ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์†Œํ•จ์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์™•๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉธ์ข…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ)์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•๋งŒํผ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œ๋“์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1๋„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




-๋ชฉ์ฐจ(Index)-

โ–ถ ํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ(Prologue). ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ 

โ–ถ 8๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ(Benjamin Franklin, 1706~1790)

01. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฑด๊ตญ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€(Founding Fathers of the United States)

02. ์ •์น˜์ธ(Politician)์ด์ž ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€(Diplomat, 1764~1788)

03. ๊ณผํ•™์ž(Scientist)์ด์ž ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€(Inventor)

04. ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ์ž์„œ์ „(Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, 1791)

05. ์œ ์ด(ๅ”ฏไบŒ)ํ•œ ๋น„๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ™”ํ ๋ชจ๋ธ

06. ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ(Benjamin Franklin)์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” 15๊ณณ

07. ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(Audio Books)์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ(Benjamin Franklin)

08. ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ(Benjamin Franklin) ์–ด๋ก(Quotes)(100)

โ–ถ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™, ์ •์น˜, ๋„๋• ์ „์ง‘โ…ก 1806(The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics and Morals of the late Dr. Benjamin, Vol.2 [of 3])

โ–ถ ADVERTISEMENT.

โ–ถ LIFE of Dr. FRANKLIN

MY DEAR SON,

"Philad. April 19th, 1753.

"Philad. May 3d, 1753.

"Philad. Nov. 27th, 1753.

"Philad. April 18th, 1754.

Extracts From The Last Will And Testament Of Dr. Franklin.

Codicil.

โ–ถ LETTERS AND PAPERS ON PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS.

Physical and meteorological observations, conjectures and suppositions

On water-spouts

The same subject continued

Water-spouts and whirlwinds compared

Description of a water-spout at Antigua

Shooting stars

Water-spouts and whirlwinds

Observations on the meteorological paper; by a gentleman in Connecticut

Observations in answer to the foregoing, by B. Franklin

Observations on the meteorological paper; sent by a gentleman in New York to B. Franklin

Answer to the foregoing observations, by B. Franklin

Gentleman of New York in reply

Account of a whirlwind at Maryland

On the north east storms in North America

Meteorological imaginations and conjectures

Suppositions and conjectures towards forming an hypothesis, for the explanation of the aurora borealis

On cold produced by evaporation

On the same subject

Concerning the light in sea-water

On the saltness of sea-water

On the effect of air on the barometer, and the benefits derived from the study of insects

On the Bristol waters, and the tide in rivers

On the same subject

Salt-water rendered fresh by distillation.โ€”Method of relieving thirst by sea-water

Tendency of rivers to the sea.โ€”Effect of the sun's rays on cloth of different colours

On the vis inertiรฆ of matter

On the different strata of the earth

On the theory of the earth

New and curious theory of light and heat

Queries and conjectures relating to magnetism and the theory of the earth

On the nature of sea coal

Effect of vegetation on noxious air

On the inflammability of the surface of certain rivers in America

On the different quantities of rain which fall at different heights over the same ground

Slowly sensible hygrometer proposed, for certain purposes

Curious instance of the effect of oil on water

Letters on the stilling of waves by means of oil

Extract of a letter from Mr. Tengnagel to Count Bentinck, dated at Batavia, the 5th of January, 1770

On the difference of navigation in shoal and deep water

Sundry maritime observations

Remarks upon the navigation from Newfoundland to New-York, in order to avoid the Gulph Stream on one hand, and on the other the shoals that lie to the southward of Nantucket and of St. George's Banks

Observations of the warmth of the sea-water, &c. by Fahrenheit's Thermometer, in crossing the Gulph Stream; with other remarks made on board the Pensylvania packet, Capt. Osborne, bound from London to Philadelphia, in April and May, 1775

Observations of the warmth of the sea-water, &c. by Fahrenheit's thermometer; with other remarks made on board the Reprisal, Capt. Wycks, bound from Philadelphia to France, in October and November, 1776

A journal of a voyage from the Channel between France and England towards America

On the art of swimming

On the same subject, in answer to some enquiries of M. Dubourg

On the free use of air

On the causes of colds

Dr. Stark, and Dr. Letsom

Number of deaths in Philadelphia by inoculation ibid

Answer to the preceding

On the effects of lead upon the human constitution

Observations on the prevailing doctrines of life and death

An account of the new-invented Pensylvanian fire-places

On the causes and cure of smoky chimneys

Description of a new stove for burning of pitcoal, and consuming all its smoke

Method of contracting chimneys.โ€”Modesty in disputation

Covering houses with copper

On the same subject

Paper referred to in the preceding letter

Magical square of squares

Magical circle

New musical instrument composed of glasses

Best mediums for conveying sound

On the harmony and melody of the old Scotch tunes

On the defects of modern music

Description of the process to be observed in making large sheets of paper in the Chinese manner, with one smooth surface

On modern innovations in the English language and in printing

A scheme for a new alphabet and reformed mode of spelling; with remarks and examples concerning the same; and an enquiry into its uses, in a correspondence between Miss Sโ€”โ€” and Dr. Franklin, written in the characters of the alphabet

Rules for a club formerly established in Philadelphia

Questions discussed by the Junto forming the preceding club

Sketch of an English school; for the consideration of the trustees of the Philadelphia Academy

Advice to youth in reading

โ–ถ PAPERS ON SUBJECTS OF GENERAL POLITICS.

Observations concerning the increase of mankind, peopling of countries, &c

Remarks on some of the foregoing observations, showing particularly the effect which manners have on population

Plan by Messieurs Franklin and Dalrymple, for benefiting distant unprovided countries

Concerning the provision made in China against famine

Positions to be examined, concerning national wealth

Political fragments, supposed either to be written by Dr. Franklin, or to contain sentiments nearly allied to his own

On the price of corn, and management of the poor

On luxury, idleness, and industry

On smuggling, and its various species

Observations on war

Notes copied from Dr. Franklin's writing in pencil in the margin of Judge Foster's celebrated argument in favour of the impressing of seamen

On the criminal laws, and the practice of privateering

A parable against persecution, in imitation of scripture language

A letter concerning persecution in former ages, the maintenance of the clergy, American bishops, and the state of toleration in Old England and New England compared

On the slave trade

Account of the highest court of judicature in Pensylvania, viz. The court of the press

โ–ถ ๋ถ€๋ก(Appendix). ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ(The Hitchhikerโ€™s Guide to Worldsโ€™s Classics)

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A02. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€(Seoul University) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100

A03. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€(Yonsei University) ํ•„๋…๋„์„œ ๊ณ ์ „ 200์„ 

A04. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(Korea University) ์„ธ์ข…์บ ํผ์Šค ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A05. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ยท์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(SKY University) ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 60๊ถŒ

A06. ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€(Sungkyunkwan University) ์˜ค๊ฑฐ์„œ(ไบ”่ปŠๆ›ธ) ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ณ ์ „ 100์„ 

A07. ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€(Kyung Hee University) ํ›„๋งˆ๋‹ˆํƒ€์Šค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(Humanitas College) ๊ต์–‘ํ•„๋…์„œ 100์„ 

A08. ํฌ์Šคํ…(ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๋Œ€, POSTECH) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A09. ์นด์ด์ŠคํŠธ(KAIST) ๋…์„œ๋งˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์ œ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ 100๊ถŒ

A10. ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ(Literary Awards) ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ(44)

A11. ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)

A12. ์˜ํ™”ยท๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(Movies and TV Shows Based on English Classic Books)

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ๋„์„œ๋ชฉ๋ก(1,772)




โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

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ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ € ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒธ๋น„ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์—„์„ ํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋ช…ํ™” ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์˜ โ€˜ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ & ์ž‘ํ’ˆโ€™ ํ•ด์„ค๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(free public domain audioBooks) ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณต์Šค(LibrIVox) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ €์˜ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„!

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โ–ถ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜(Benjamin Franklin Collection, 15๋ถ€์ž‘)

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „093 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ์ž์„œ์ „ 1791

English Classics093 Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „930 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ 1751

English Classics930 Experiments and Observations on Electricity Made at Philadelphia in America by Benjamin Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „931 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธธ; ๋˜๋Š” โ€œ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒโ€ 1758

English Classics931 Franklin's Way to Wealth; or, โ€œPoor Richard Improvedโ€ by Benjamin Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „932 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ์ž์„œ์ „ 1791

English Classics932 The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „933 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์“ด ํšŒ๊ณ ๋กโ…  1791

English Classics933 Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin; Written by Himself. [Vol. 1 of 2] by Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „934 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์“ด ํšŒ๊ณ ๋กโ…ก-โ…  1791

English Classics934 Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin; Written by Himself. [Vol. 2 of 2] by Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „935 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์“ด ํšŒ๊ณ ๋กโ…ก-โ…ก 1791

English Classics935 Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin; Written by Himself. [Vol. 2 of 2] by Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „936 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐโ…  1791

English Classics936 Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „937 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐโ…ก 1791

English Classics937 Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „938 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐโ…ข 1791

English Classics938 Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „939 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ์ž์„œ์ „ 1791

English Classics939 Franklin's Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „940 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™, ์ •์น˜, ๋„๋• ์ „์ง‘โ…  1806

English Classics940 The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics and Morals of the late Dr. Benjamin, Vol.1 [of 3]

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „941 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™, ์ •์น˜, ๋„๋• ์ „์ง‘โ…ก 1806

English Classics941 The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics and Morals of the late Dr. Benjamin, Vol.2 [of 3]

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „942 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™, ์ •์น˜, ๋„๋• ์ „์ง‘โ…ข 1806

English Classics942 The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics and Morals of the late Dr. Benjamin, Vol.3 [of 3]

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „943 ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ’์„  1907

English Classics943 Benjamin Franklin and the First Balloons by Benjamin Franklin

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โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea๋Š” 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ 1,000์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํš ๋ฐ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์…”(Digital Contents Publisher)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋… ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ถ ์›์ฝ”์Šค(1 Course), ํฌํ† ์—์„ธ์ด ์›๋”ํ’€(Onederful), ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„ธ์ด ๋ณ„ ํ—ค๋Š” ๋ฐค(Counting the Stars at Night) ๋“ฑ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea(๋ฐฉ์†ก๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋„ค์Šค์ƒ 2017 โ€˜์ตœ๋‹ค ์ถœ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆโ€™ ์ˆ˜์ƒ)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„!

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โ–ถ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ(Benjamin Franklin, 1706~1790)

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โ–ถ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฑด๊ตญ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€(Founding Fathers of the United States) ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ(Benjamin Franklin) : ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค(Christopher Columbus, 1450~1506)๊ฐ€ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‹ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์— 1607๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์„ ํ‹ˆํƒ€ 1774๋…„ 7์›”, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ณต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฑด๊ตญ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€(Founding Fathers of the United States)์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์„ ์–ธ์— ์„œ๋ช…์„ ํ•œ 56๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋‹จ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ท ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ 56๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ ์ข€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์€ ์˜๊ตญ๋ น ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ ์ถœ์ƒ(1706)ํ•œ โ€˜์ด๋ฏผ์ž์˜ ํ›„์˜ˆโ€™๋กœ์จ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์„ ์–ธ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ œ์ • ํšŒ์˜์— ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ 8์ธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, 4๋ช…์˜ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ(์กด ๋””ํ‚จ์Šจ, ์กด ๋žญ๋˜, ์กด ๋Ÿฌํ‹€๋ฆฌ์ง€) ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ็พŽ ๊ฑด๊ตญ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์˜๊ตญ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ์ด๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ ํ•˜์›์˜์žฅ(1764), ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ1๋Œ€ ์šฐ์ •์žฅ๊ด€(1775~1776), ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ์ด๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ ์ œ6๋Œ€ ํ–‰์ •์œ„์›ํšŒ ์œ„์›์žฅ(1785~1788)์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ1๋Œ€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ฃผ์žฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ(1778~1785), ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ1๋Œ€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด ์ฃผ์žฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ(1782~1783) ๋“ฑ ์š”์ง์„ ๋‘๋ฃจ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด, ํผ์ŠคํŠธ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นธ(The First American)์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ โ€œThe Constitution only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself.โ€ โ–ท โ€œํ—Œ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด ์ค„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

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โ–ถ ๋ฒค์ €๋ฏผ์€ ํŒ”๋ฐฉ๋ฏธ์ธ(ๅ…ซๆ–น็พŽไบบ)?! : ๋ฒค์ €๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์€ ํŒ”๋ฐฉ๋ฏธ์ธ์ด๋ž€ ์นญํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊น์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™œ๋™ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ(Poor Richard's Almanack, 1732)์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€(Writer), ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ฐ€์ œํŠธ(the Pennsylvania Gazette)์™€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ถœํŒํ•œ ์ฐฝ๊ฐ„์ธ(Publisher) ๊ฒธ ์ธ์‡„์—…์ž(Printer), ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์šฐ์ •์žฅ๊ด€(the first United States postmaster general)์„ ์—ญ์ž„ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ธ(Politician)์ด์ž ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€(Statesman), ๊ณผํ•™์ž(Scientist)์ด์ž ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€(Inventor), ์œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ(Humorist), ๋„์„œ๊ด€๊ณผ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Academy and College of Philadelphia, ํ˜„ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์šด๋™๊ฐ€(Civic activist)์ด์ž ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ์ด์žฅ(the first president), ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€(Diplomat), โ€ฆโ€ฆ. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ณธ์—…์€ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ •์น˜์™€ ์™ธ๊ต์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1764๋…„ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ์ด๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ ํ•˜์›์˜์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ, 1788๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ์ด๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์žฅ๊ด€์ง๊ณผ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ฃผ์žฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์—ญ์ž„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ โ€œAn investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.โ€ โ–ท โ€œ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

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โ–ถ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ, ๋งค์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ (Massachusetts) ์ฃผ(ๅทž) ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค(Boston) : ็พŽ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค(Boston)์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒ๊ฐ€(Ben Franklin House)์™€ ๋™์ƒ(Benjamin Franklin Statue), ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ์–ธ์œผ๋กœ 1908๋…„ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅโ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ์€ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค ๋ผํ‹ด ์Šค์ฟจ(Boston Latin School)์„ ๋‹ค๋…”์œผ๋‚˜, ์กธ์—…์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ โ€œTell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn.โ€ โ–ท โ€œ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ฉด ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

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โ–ถ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„(Pennsylvania) ์ฃผ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„(Philadelphia)๋Š” ็พŽ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ โ€˜๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ์˜ ํ”์ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญโ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ(Benjamin Franklin Bridge)๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œˆ๋Ÿฌ์›จ์ด ๊ฐ•(Delaware River)์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€(Benjamin Franklin Museum)๊ณผ ๋ฌ˜(Benjamin Franklin's Grave)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์€ ๊ด‘์žฅ(Franklin Square), ๋Œ€๋กœ(Benjamin Franklin Pkwy), ๊ธฐ๊ด€(Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary) ๋“ฑ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ž(Scientist)์ด์ž ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€(Inventor)๋ผ๊ณ ?! : ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณ„๋ชฝ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€์ด์ž, ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๊ฒธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋กœ์จ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง์ ‘ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ์Šคํ† ๋ธŒ(Franklin stove), ํ”ผ๋ขฐ์นจ(Lightning rod), ์ด์ค‘์ดˆ์  ๋ Œ์ฆˆ(Bifocal eyeglasses), ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ํ•˜๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์นด(Glass harmonica), ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ข…(Franklin bells) ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ผฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด์ค‘์ดˆ์  ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํŽธ์ง€์˜ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ์€ ์ƒ์ „์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ์›ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋กœ์จ์˜ ๋ฉด๋ชจ๋Š” โ€˜์ •์น˜์ธ์ด์ž ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€โ€™์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ขฐ์นจ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋ฒผ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด์™€ ์ธ๋ช… ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ์Šคํ† ๋ธŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ โ€˜๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผโ€™ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฉด๋ชจ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ โ€œIf all printers were determined not to print anything till they were sure it would offend nobody, there would be very little printed.โ€ โ–ท โ€œ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์‡„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ถˆ์พŒ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ธ์‡„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

ย 

โ–ถ ์œ ์ด(ๅ”ฏไบŒ)ํ•œ ๋น„๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ™”ํ ๋ชจ๋ธ : ์–ด๋Š ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“  ํ™”ํ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์งง์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ํ™”ํ์— ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์•„๋‹˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”ํ์— ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‘ ๋ช… ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด(Alexander Hamilton, 1755?~1804)์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 100 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์™€ 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๊ทธ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€์— ํ™œ์•ฝํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด์ž ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ฐ€๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฑด๊ตญ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€(Founding Fathers of the United States) ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋™์ „์€ 1์„ผํŠธ, 5์„ผํŠธ, 10์„ผํŠธ, 25์„ผํŠธ, 50์„ผํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ(Penny), ๋‹ˆํด(Nickel), ๋‹ค์ž„(Dime), ์ฟผํ„ฐ(Quarter), ํ•˜ํ”„ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(Half Dollar), ์› ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(One Doller)๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์ธ์ด ๋’ท๋ฉด์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์€ 50์„ผํŠธ ๋™์ „, ์ฆ‰ ํ•˜ํ”„ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(Half Dollar)์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ย 

โ–ถ โ€œA Penny Saved is a Penny Earnedโ€ โ–ท โ€œํ•œ ํ‘ผ์„ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ํ‘ผ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.โ€

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Telefona inteligjentรซ dhe tabletรซ
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