์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „984 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 3๋ถ€ 1901(English Classics984 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book III)

ยท ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 901~1,000 Book 84 ยท ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea
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โ–ถ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 1901(The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values.)์€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)๊ฐ€ 1889๋…„ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ์ €์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘๋™์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘ ์‚ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ํŠธ(Therese Elisabeth Alexandra Fรถrster-Nietzsche, 1846~1935)๋Š” ๋‚˜์น˜์˜ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋กœ์จ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฐœํ‘œ์›๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•ด ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ(Nietzsche Archive, 1894)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ์ฒ˜์„ธ์ˆ (?!)์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์žฅ์— ์•„๋Œํ”„ ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ(Adolf Hitler, 1889~1945)๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š”...?!

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โ–ท ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€(The Will to Power)๋Š” ์•„๋ฅดํˆฌ์–ด ์‡ผํŽœํ•˜์šฐ์–ด(Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788~1860)๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ์‚ด๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€(Will to live)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ํŠธ์˜ ํŽธ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์›๋ฆฌโ€™๋กœ์จ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€(der Wille zur Macht, The Will to Power)๋ž€ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋œป๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋Œํ”„ ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜์ง€์„ค(ๆฌŠๅŠ›ๆ„ๅฟ—่ชช)๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋…์ผ๊ณผ ์˜จ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ์ง€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๋™์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋ฒŒ๋–ก ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์น˜ ์ถ”์ข…์ž์ธ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•…์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ๋‚˜์น˜์ฃผ์˜์ž์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜์œ ๋Œ€์ฃผ์˜์ž(Antisemitismus)๋ž€ ์˜ค๋ช…์ด ์”Œ์—ฌ์ง„ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„! B

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โ–ถ TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. Unfortunately, The Will to Power was never completed by its author. The text from which this translation was made is a posthumous publication, and it suffers from all the disadvantages that a book must suffer from which has been arranged and ordered by foster hands... It is deeply to be deplored that Nietzsche was never able to complete his life-work... It is to be hoped that we are too sensible nowadays to allow our sensibilities to be shocked by serious and well-meditated criticism, even of the most cherished among our institutions, and an honest and sincere reformer ought no longer to find us prejudicedโ€”to the extent of deafnessโ€”against him, more particularly when he comes forward with a gospelโ€”"The Will to Power"โ€”which is, above all, a test of our power to will. ANTHONY M. LUDOVICI.

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โ–ท ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„œ๋ฌธ. ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ €์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ณธ์€ ์‚ฌํ›„์— ์ถœํŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ด ๊ฒช์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ˆ˜์–‘์ธ์˜ ์†์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ƒ์˜ ์ผ์„ ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ„๋ณ„๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๋น„ํŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์‹คํ•œ ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์Šคํ”ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„ค ๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹คlโ€”"ํž˜์—์˜ ์˜์ง€"โ€”๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์˜์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํž˜์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ค์„œ๋‹ˆ M. ๋ฃจ๋„๋น„์น˜.

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โ–ถ 479. The phenomenalism of the "inner world!" A chronological inversion takes place, so that the cause reaches consciousness as the effect.โ€”We know that pain is projected into a certain part of the body although it is not really situated there; we have learnt that all sensations which were ingenuously supposed to be conditioned by the outer world are, as a matter of fact, conditioned by the inner world: that the real action of the outer world never takes place in a way of which we can become conscious.... That fragment of the outer world of which we become conscious, is born after the effect produced by the outer world has been recorded, and is subsequently interpreted as the "cause" of that effect....

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โ–ท 479. "๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„"์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์ฃผ์˜. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๋ฐ˜์ „์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜, ์›์ธ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ์˜์‹์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€”์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชธ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํˆฌ์˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ†ต์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‹์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ํ›„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ "์›์ธ"์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...

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โ–ถ 592. The antagonism between the "true world," as pessimism depicts it, and a world in which it were possible to liveโ€”for this the rights of truth must be tested. It is necessary to measure all these "ideal forces" according to the standard of life, in order to understand the nature of that antagonism: the struggle of sickly, desperate life, cleaving to a beyond, against healthier, more foolish, more false, richer, and fresher life. Thus it is not "truth" struggling with Life, but one kind of Life with another kind.โ€”But the former would fain be the higher kind!โ€”Here we must prove that some order of rank is necessary,โ€”that the first problem is the order of rank among kinds of Life.

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โ–ท 592. ๋น„๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” "์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„"์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ชฉ - ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์‹ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  "์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํž˜"์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๋“ค๊ณ , ์ ˆ๋ง์ ์ธ ์‚ถ, ๋” ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ถ, ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„๊ณ , ๋” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋˜๊ณ , ๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š” "์ง„๋ฆฌ"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ถ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!โ€”์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




-๋ชฉ์ฐจ(Index)-

โ–ถ ํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ(Prologue). ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ 

โ–ถ 8๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)

01. ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ๋“  ์ฒ ํ•™์ž(philosopher with a hammer)

02. ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Gott ist tott, 1882)

03. ์•„๋ชจ๋ฅดํŒŒํ‹ฐ(Amor Fati, 1882)

04. ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch, 1885)

05. ์˜์› ํšŒ๊ท€(ๆฐธ้ ๅ›žๆญธ, Ewige Wiederkunft, Eternal Return, 1885)

06. ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ TOP10

07. ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(Audio Books)์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)

08. ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche) ์–ด๋ก(Quotes)(99)

โ–ถ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 3๋ถ€ 1901(The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book III)

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE; BOOKS I AND II

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE; BOOKS III AND IV

PREFACE.

โ–ท THIRD BOOK. THE PRINCIPLES OF A NEW VALUATION.

I. The Will to Power in Scienceโ€”

I-(a) The Method of Investigation

I-(b) The Starting-Point of Epistemology

I-(c) The Belief in the "Ego." Subject

I-(d) Biology of the Instinct of Knowledge. Perspectivity

I-(e) The Origin of Reason and Logic

I-(f) Consciousness

I-(g) Judgment. Trueโ€”False

I-(h) Against Causality

I-(i) The Thing-in-Itself and Appearance

I-(k) The Metaphysical Need

I-(l) The Biological Value of Knowledge

I-(m) Science

II. The Will to Power in Natureโ€”

II-1. The Mechanical Interpretation of the World

II-2. The Will to Power as Lifeโ€”

II-2-(a) The Organic Process

II-2-(b) Man

II-3. Theory of the Will to Power and of Valuations

III. The Will to Power As Exemplified in Society and in the Individual

III-1. Society and the State

III-2. The Individual

IV. The Will to Power in Art

โ–ถ ๋ถ€๋ก(Appendix). ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ(The Hitchhiker's Guide to Worlds's Classics)

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A02. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€(Seoul University) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100

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A05. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ยท์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(SKY University) ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 60๊ถŒ

A06. ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€(Sungkyunkwan University) ์˜ค๊ฑฐ์„œ(ไบ”่ปŠๆ›ธ) ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ณ ์ „ 100์„ 

A07. ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€(Kyung Hee University) ํ›„๋งˆ๋‹ˆํƒ€์Šค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(Humanitas College) ๊ต์–‘ํ•„๋…์„œ 100์„ 

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A10. ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ(Literary Awards) ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ(44)

A11. ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)

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โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

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โ–ถ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900) 27๋ถ€์ž‘

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „075 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์„ ์•…์˜ ์ €ํŽธ 1886

English Classics075 Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „083 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์งœ๋ผํˆฌ์Šคํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 1883

English Classics083 Thus Spake Zarathustra by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „963 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฉ”๋กœ์Šค์™€ ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฌธํ—Œํ•™ 1868

English Classics963 Homer and Classical Philology by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „964 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 1872

English Classics964 On the Future of our Educational Institutions by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „965 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ; ๋˜๋Š” ํ—ฌ๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์—ผ์„ธ์ฃผ์˜ 1872

English Classics965 The Birth of Tragedy; or, Hellenism and Pessimism by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „966 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ 1๋ถ€ 1873

English Classics966 Thoughts out of Season, Part I by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „967 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ 2๋ถ€ 1873

English Classics967 Thoughts Out of Season, Part II by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „968 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œํ•™์ž๋“ค 1874

English Classics968 We Philologists by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „969 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ 1๋ถ€ 1878

English Classics969 Human, All-Too-Human: A Book for Free Spirits, Part 1 by Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „970 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ 2๋ถ€ 1878

English Classics970 Human, All-Too-Human: A Book for Free Spirits, Part 2 by Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „971 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์•„์นจ๋†€ 1881

English Classics971 The Dawn of Day by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „972 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ 1882

English Classics972 The Joyful Wisdom("La Gaya Scienza") by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „973 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 1๋ถ€ 1883

English Classics973 Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „974 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 2๋ถ€ 1883

English Classics974 Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „975 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 3๋ถ€ 1883

English Classics975 Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „976 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 4๋ถ€ 1883

English Classics976 Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „977 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋„๋•์˜ ๊ณ„๋ณด 1887

English Classics977 The Genealogy of Morals by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „978 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1888

English Classics978 The Case of Wagner by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „979 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์šฐ์ƒ์˜ ํ™ฉํ˜ผ 1889

English Classics979 The Twilight of the Idols; or, How to Philosophize with the Hammer by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „980 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆํ‹ฐํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ(์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„) 1895

English Classics980 The Antichrist by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „981 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘ 1896

English Classics981 The Case of Wagner, Nietzsche Contra Wagner, and Selected Aphorisms by Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „982 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 1๋ถ€ 1901

English Classics982 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book I

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „983 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 2๋ถ€ 1901

English Classics983 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book II

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „984 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 3๋ถ€ 1901

English Classics984 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book III

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „985 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 4๋ถ€ 1901

English Classics985 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book IV

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „986 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ 1908

English Classics986 Ecce Homo by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „987 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—์„ธ์ด๋“ค 1909

English Classics987 Early Greek Philosophy and Other Essays by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

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โ–ถ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)

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โ–ถ ๋…์ผ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋นŒํ—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํ”„๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์™• ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋นŒํ—ฌ๋ฆ„ 4์„ธ(Frederick William IV of Prussia)์™€ ์ƒ์ผ(10์›” 15์ผ)์ด ๊ฐ™์•„ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ž‘ ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ(Friedrich)๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ฉ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์šฐ์ƒ์˜ ํ™ฉํ˜ผ(Twilight of the Idols, 1889)์˜ ๋ถ€์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ง์น˜๋กœ ์ฒ ํ•™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•(How to Philosophise with the Hammer)์ด๋ผ ๋ถ™์˜€๊ณ , ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค ๋ง์น˜(Hammer)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ๋“  ์ฒ ํ•™์ž(philosopher with a hammer)๋ž€ ์นญํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€˜์ฒ ํ•™์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„โ€™๋ฅผ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ํ•ด๋จธ(Nietzsche's Hammer)๋ผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ The hesitation of the disciples. "We are already able to bear with this doctrine, but we should destroy the many by means of it!" Zarathustra laughs: โ€œYe shall be the hammer: I laid this hammer in your hands.โ€ โ–ท ์ œ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ง์„ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ๊ต๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฉธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋„ˆํฌ๋Š” ๋ง์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„ˆํฌ์˜ ์†์— ์ฅ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ.โ€

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โ–ถ ๋…์ผ ๋ฃจ์ฒธ(Lรผtzen) : ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)๋Š” 1844๋…„ ํ”„๋กœ์ด์„ผ์˜ ์†Œ๋„์‹œ ๋ฃจ์ฒธ(Lรผtzen)์—์„œ ์ถœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฃจ์ฒธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฌ˜๋น„ ๋“ฑ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Universitรคt) : ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” 1864๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณธ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitรคt Bonn)๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ตฐ(1867)์— ์ž…๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1868๋…„ ๋‚™๋งˆ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์นœ ํ›„ 1868๋…„ ๋ผ์ดํ”„์น˜ํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Universitรคt Leipzig)์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•™์—…์„ ์ด์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๋ฐ”์ ค(Basel) : ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” 1869๋…„ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 24์„ธ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๋ฐ”์ ค(Basel)์˜ ๋ฐ”์ ค ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Universitรคt Basel) ๊ณ ์ „๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž„์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1879๋…„ 35์„ธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ž„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€ ๋นŒํ—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฅดํŠธ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ(Wilhelm Richard Wagner, 1813~1883), ๋…์ผ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋น„๋‹ค ํฐ ๋ฉ”์ด์„ผ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ(Malwida von Meysenbug, 1816~1903), ์ง€ํœ˜์ž ๊ฒธ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋„ ํฐ ๋ทœ๋กœ ๋‚จ์ž‘(Hans Guido Freiherr von Bรผlow, 1830~1894), ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๋ณผํ”„๊ฐ• ์—๋ฅธ์ŠคํŠธ ํŒŒ์šธ๋ฆฌ(Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, 1900~1958) ๋“ฑ ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‘๋ฃจ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋…์ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋งˆ๋ฅด(Weimar) : ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ž„ ํ›„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์š”์–‘์— ์ „๋…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜โ€ฆโ€ฆ. 1889๋…„ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ† ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๊ณ , ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•ด ๋ฌด๋ ค 10๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋…์ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋งˆ๋ฅด(Weimar)์—์„œ ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃฝ์€ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฃจ์ฒธ(Lรผtzen) ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ง‘์— ์•ˆ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „ 10์—ฌ๋…„์„ ๊ฐ์ข… ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ •์‹  ์ฐฉ๋ž€์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง‘ํ•„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์™ธ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ผ์ฒด ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ๋„๋•์˜ ๊ณ„๋ณด(Zur Genealogie der Moral, 1887)๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ €์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๋ฐ”์ด๋งˆ๋ฅด(Weimar)์— 1894๋…„ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ(Nietzsche Archive)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•ด, ์˜ค๋น ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํ›„์— ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ํž˜์—์˜ ์˜์ง€(Der Wille zur Macht, 1901)๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Therese Elisabeth Alexandra Fรถrster-Nietzsche, 1846~1935)๊ฐ€ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ๋ณธ์„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ชจ์€ ํŽธ์ง‘๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Gott ist tott, 1882) : ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ(Die frรถhliche Wissenschaft, 1882)์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Gott ist tott)๋Š” ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ๊ด€๋…๋ก (่ง€ๅฟต่ซ–, idealism)๊ณผ ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™(ๅฝข่€ŒไธŠๅญธ, metaphysics)์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด์ฃผ์˜(่™›็„กไธป็พฉ, Nihilism)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ Gott ist tott. Gott bleibt todt. Und wir haben ihn getodtet. Wie trosten wir uns, die Morder aller Morder? โ–ท ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ด์ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ด์ธ์ž์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์œ„๋กœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?

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โ–ถ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ, ์•„๋ชจ๋ฅดํŒŒํ‹ฐ(Amor Fati, 1882) : ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ์•„๋ชจ๋ฅดํŒŒํ‹ฐ(Amor Fati)๋Š” Love of fate, Love your fate์ฏค์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋กœ๋Š” ์šด๋ช…์• (้‹ๅ‘ฝๆ„›), โ€˜๋„ค ์šด๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ผโ€™๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ(Die frรถhliche Wissenschaft, 1882)์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋˜ ๋‹ด๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—, 2017๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์˜ˆ๋Šฅ์—์„œ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊น€์—ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ณก๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€์š”! ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ๋˜ํ•œ โ€˜์˜ค๋Š˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋‚ด์ผโ€™์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‹ฑํฌ๋กœ์œจ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch, 1885) : ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐœ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch)๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง ์ดˆ์ธ(่ถ…ไบบ, overman)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž(่ถ…่ƒฝๅŠ›่€…, Superman)์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค(Also sprach Zarathustra, 1885)์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch)์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ The รœbermensch represents a shift from otherworldly Christian values and manifests the grounded human ideal. โ–ท ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch)๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์˜์› ํšŒ๊ท€(ๆฐธ้ ๅ›žๆญธ, Ewige Wiederkunft, Eternal return, 1885) : ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค(Also sprach Zarathustra, 1885)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์˜์› ํšŒ๊ท€(ๆฐธ้ ๅ›žๆญธ, Ewige Wiederkunft)๋ž€ โ€˜์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ์›ํ™˜ ์šด๋™์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ๋‹ค.โ€™๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๊น”๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ์ด์ „์—๋„ ์ธ๋„์™€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ต์˜ ์œคํšŒ(่ผชๅปป) ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํก์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ Die Ewige Wiederkunft des Gleichen ist ein zentraler Gedanke in Friedrich Nietzsches Philosophie, dem zufolge sich alle Ereignisse unendlich oft wiederholen. Dieses zyklische Zeitverstรคndnis ist fรผr Nietzsche die Grundlage hรถchster Lebensbejahung. โ–ท ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜์›ํ•œ ๊ท€ํ™˜์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœํ™˜์  ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์–ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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