์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1020 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค(English Classics1020 Theaetetus by Plato)

ยท ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,001~1,100 Book 20 ยท ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea
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โ–ถ "Theaetetus, my friend, can you tell us what knowledge is?"("๋‚˜์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค, ์ง€์‹์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?") : ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค(Theaetetus by Plato)๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?)์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Late Dialogues)์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ ์Šค์Šน ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค(Socrates, BC470?~BC399)์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค(Theaetetus, BC417~BC369)์™€ ํ…Œ์˜ค๋„๋กœ์Šค(Theodorus, BC465~BC398)๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ๊นŠ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„! B

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โ–ถ "Knowledge is not perception, but is a power or capacity of the soul to know the truth."("์ง€์‹์€ ์ง€๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.") : ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค๋Š” ํ…Œ์˜ค๋„๋กœ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ •์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์˜ค๋„๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ด ๊ณง ์ง€๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋Š” ์ด ์ •์˜์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ด ๊ณ„์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ด ์ง„์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋‹นํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™€ ์œ ์ถ”๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋Š” ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•˜๊ณ , ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋Š” ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜์ง€์š”!!

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โ–ถ "I am not so absurd, Socrates, as to suppose that I can compare notes with Protagoras."("์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์—ฌ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœํƒ€๊ณ ๋ผ์Šค์™€ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์ง€ ์•Š์†Œ.") :ใ€€๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ณผ "ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ"(Theaetetus fly)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ฐ€๋ž์œผ๋กœ ์••์ฐฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ธ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ฑํ˜•๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋ž ํŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ์ธ์‹์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์™œ๊ณก๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ์—†์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ํ•ด์„์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค(Theaetetus by Plato)์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์š”์ ์€ ์ง€์‹์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ •์˜๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ์ฐฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜น์ž๋Š” ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค(Theaetetus by Plato)๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ "Man is the measure of all things, of things that are that they are, and of things that are not that they are not."("์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์ด๋‹ˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„๋‹ˆ๋ผ.") : ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค(Theaetetus by Plato)๋Š” ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์ „์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค(Theaetetus by Plato)๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ํ™”๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฒ•(Socratic Dialog)์„ ์ถฉ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์Šค์Šน ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Dialogues) : ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‘” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์—์„œ ์„ ํ’์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋˜ ๋น„๊ทน ๊ฒฝ์—ฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„๊ทน์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์ค‘ ๋””์˜ค๋‹ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ทน์žฅ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋‹ต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์•ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถˆํƒœ์›Œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์ œ์ž๋กœ ์ž…๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›—๋‚  ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” 30์—ฌ ํŽธ์˜ โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธโ€™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œ์ž ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šน ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” โ€˜๋ฐฑ์กฐ ๊ฟˆโ€™ ์ผํ™”๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋А ๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์— ์•‰ํ˜€ ๋†“์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐโ€ฆโ€ฆ. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ž ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ๊ธˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฑ์กฐ๋กœ๊ตฐ!!

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โ–ถ SOCRATES: Herein lies the difficulty which I can never solve to my satisfactionโ€”What is knowledge? Can we answer that question? What say you? which of us will speak first? whoever misses shall sit down, as at a game of ball, and shall be donkey, as the boys say; he who lasts out his competitors in the game without missing, shall be our king, and shall have the right of putting to us any questions which he pleases...Why is there no reply? I hope, Theodorus, that I am not betrayed into rudeness by my love of conversation? I only want to make us talk and be friendly and sociable.

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โ–ท ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค: ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒํผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์‹์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ๋งํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๋†“์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ณต์„ ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•‰๊ณ  ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์™•์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์™œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ…Œ์˜ค๋„๋กœ์Šค, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ต์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ SOCRATES: Well, my art of midwifery is in most respects like theirs; but differs, in that I attend men and not women; and look after their souls when they are in labour, and not after their bodies: and the triumph of my art is in thoroughly examining whether the thought which the mind of the young man brings forth is a false idol or a noble and true birth. And like the midwives, I am barren, and the reproach which is often made against me, that I ask questions of others and have not the wit to answer them myself, is very justโ€”the reason is, that the god compels me to be a midwife, but does not allow me to bring forth.

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โ–ท ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค: ์Œ, ์ œ ์‚ฐํŒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์œก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ Š์€์ด์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋‚ณ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋œ ์šฐ์ƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐธ๋œ ์ถœ์ƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐํŒŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ž„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์žฌ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข…์ข… ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ณ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๋‹ค.




-๋ชฉ์ฐจ(Index)-

โ–ถ ํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ(Prologue). ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ ์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ 

โ–ถ 14๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?)

01. โ€œ์„œ์–‘ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค.โ€(โ€œIt consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.)โ€ ft. ์•Œํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ๋…ธ์Šค ํ™”์ดํŠธํ—ค๋“œ(Alfred North Whitehead, 1861~1947)

02. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ฃผ์˜(Platonism)์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž

03. ์„œ์–‘ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€(The first institution of higher learning in the Western world) ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„(Akadฤ“meรญฤ) ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž

04. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Dialogues)

05. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ก (The Republic, BC375)

06. ๋‹จ๋ˆ 20๋ฏธ๋‚˜(Twenty Minas)์— ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž

07. ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ์นธ ๋ผํŒŒ์—˜๋กœ(Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino)์˜ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ํ•™๋‹น(Scuola di Atene, 1511)

08. ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘?! ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ(Platonic Love)

09. ์ •๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด(ๆญฃๅคš้ข้ซ”, Platonic Solid)

10. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ„ฑ์ˆ˜์—ผ(Plato's Beard)

11. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ(Plato's Problem) VS ์˜ค์›ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ(Orwellโ€™s Problem)

12. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์Šค์นด์ด TV(Skai TV) ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ 100์ธ(100 Greatest Greeks)(2009) 9์œ„

13. ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(Audio Books)์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato)

14. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato) ์–ด๋ก(Quotes)(199)

โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค(Theaetetus by Plato)

Introduction and Analysis.

โ–ท Theaetetus

โ–ถ ๋ถ€๋ก(Appendix). ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ(The Hitchhiker's Guide to Worlds's Classics)

A01. ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ์„œ์ (Harvard Book Store) ์ง์› ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋„์„œ 100์„ (Staff's Favorite 100 Books) & ํŒ๋งค๋„์„œ 100์œ„(Top 100 Books)

A02. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€(Seoul University) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100

A03. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€(Yonsei University) ํ•„๋…๋„์„œ ๊ณ ์ „ 200์„ 

A04. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(Korea University) ์„ธ์ข…์บ ํผ์Šค ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A05. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ยท์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(SKY University) ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 60๊ถŒ

A06. ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€(Sungkyunkwan University) ์˜ค๊ฑฐ์„œ(ไบ”่ปŠๆ›ธ) ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ณ ์ „ 100์„ 

A07. ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€(Kyung Hee University) ํ›„๋งˆ๋‹ˆํƒ€์Šค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(Humanitas College) ๊ต์–‘ํ•„๋…์„œ 100์„ 

A08. ํฌ์Šคํ…(ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๋Œ€, POSTECH) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A09. ์นด์ด์ŠคํŠธ(KAIST) ๋…์„œ๋งˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์ œ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ 100๊ถŒ

A10. ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ(Literary Awards) ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ(44)

A11. ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)

A12. ์˜ํ™”ยท๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(Movies and TV Shows Based on English Classic Books)

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ 

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ๋„์„œ๋ชฉ๋ก(1,838)




โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ 

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ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ € ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒธ๋น„ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์—„์„ ํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋ช…ํ™” ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์˜ โ€˜ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ & ์ž‘ํ’ˆโ€™ ํ•ด์„ค๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(free public domain audioBooks) ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณต์Šค(LibrIVox) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…์„œ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ํ•œ์ธต ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์—๋„ ๋ฐ”๋ž˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ €์˜ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ์ „์ž์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜, ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 1,999์„ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„! B

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โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?) 29๋ถ€์ž‘

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1. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Early Dialogues) 10๋ถ€์ž‘

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1000 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ณ€๋ก (๋ณ€๋ช…)

English Classics1000 Apology by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1001 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌํ†ค

English Classics1001 Crito by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1002 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ผ์ผ€์Šค

English Classics1002 Laches by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1003 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋คผ์‹œ์Šค

English Classics1003 Lysis by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1004 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์นด๋ฅด๋ฏธ๋ฐ์Šค

English Classics1004 Charmides by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1005 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์—์šฐํŠ€ํ”„๋ก 

English Classics1005 Euthyphro by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1006 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์†Œ(ๅฐ) ํžˆํ”ผ์•„์Šค

English Classics1006 Lesser Hippias by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1007 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ”„๋กœํƒ€๊ณ ๋ผ์Šค

English Classics1007 Protagoras by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1008 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์•„์Šค

English Classics1008 Gorgias by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1009 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ด์˜จ

English Classics1009 Ion by Plato

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2. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ค‘๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Middle Dialogues) 9๋ถ€์ž‘

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1010 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฉ”๋…ผ

English Classics1010 Meno by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1011 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํŒŒ์ด๋ˆ

English Classics1011 Phaedo by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1012 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€(ๅœ‹ๅฎถ, Politeia)

English Classics1012 The Republic by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1013 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ–ฅ์—ฐ(์‹ฌํฌ์ง€์—„)

English Classics1013 Symposium by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1014 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์•Œํ‚ค๋น„์•„๋ฐ์Šค IยทII

English Classics1014 Alcibiades IยทII by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1015 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํŒŒ์ด๋“œ๋กœ์Šค

English Classics1015 Phaedrus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1016 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์—์šฐํŠ€๋ฐ๋ชจ์Šค

English Classics1016 Euthydemus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1017 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฉ”๋„ฅ์„ธ๋…ธ์Šค

English Classics1017 Menexenus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1018 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํฌ๋ผํŠˆ๋กœ์Šค

English Classics1018 Cratylus by Plato

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3. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Late Dialogues) 10๋ถ€์ž‘

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1019 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฅด๋ฉ”๋‹ˆ๋ฐ์Šค

English Classics1019 Parmenides by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1020 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ…Œ์•„์ดํ…Œํ† ์Šค

English Classics1020 Theaetetus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1021 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์†Œํ”ผ์ŠคํŠธ

English Classics1021 Sophist by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1022 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€

English Classics1022 Statesman by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1023 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ‹ฐ๋งˆ์ด์˜ค์Šค

English Classics1023 Timaeus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1024 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์•„์Šค

English Classics1024 Critias by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1025 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ํ•„๋ ˆ๋ณด์Šค

English Classics1025 Philebus by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1026 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ 

English Classics1026 Laws by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1027 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์—๋ฆญ์‹œ์•„์Šค

English Classics1027 Eryxias by Plato

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „1028 ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ณ€๋ก , ํฌ๋ฆฌํ†ค, ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ํŒŒ์ด๋ˆ 1965

English Classics1028 Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of Socrates by Plato

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โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Theme Travel News Korea๋Š” 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ 2,000์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํš ๋ฐ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ์…”(Digital Contents Publisher)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋… ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ถ ์›์ฝ”์Šค(1 Course), ํฌํ† ์—์„ธ์ด ์›๋”ํ’€(Onederful), ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„ธ์ด ๋ณ„ ํ—ค๋Š” ๋ฐค(Counting the Stars at Night) ๋“ฑ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋„ค์Šค์ƒ 2017 โ€˜์ตœ๋‹ค ์ถœ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆโ€™ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์— ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„!

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โ–ถ Theme Travel News TTN Korea(ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea) is the digital content publisher that published more than 2,000 types of content since 2012. Along with professional writers in various fields, we regularly publish various travel contents such as 1 Course(์›์ฝ”์Šค), Onederful(์›๋”ํ’€), Counting the Stars at Night(๋ณ„ ํ—ค๋Š” ๋ฐค) Series. Von voyage with Theme Travel News TTN Korea(ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea)!

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โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?)

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โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ฃผ์˜(Platonism)์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato, BC427?~BC347?) : ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋ณธ๋ช…์€ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํด๋ ˆ์Šค(Aristocles)๋กœ, โ€˜๋„“๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œก์ฒด์ ์ธ ์šด๋™์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ณ , ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ง ๋Œ€ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํž˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒ์›”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—, ๊ทธ์˜ ๋„์ฐํ•œ ์–ด๊นจ๋Š” ๋„“๋‹ค(Plato)๋Š” ์นญํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ฃผ์˜(Platonism)๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์‹œํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ โ€˜์„œ์–‘ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋‘โ€™๋ผ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค(Socrates, BC470?~BC399)์˜ ์ œ์ž์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค(Aristoteles, BC384~BC322)์˜ ์Šค์Šน์ด๋ž€ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค-ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค-์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ผ๋‹ˆ!!

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โ–ท ๋…๋ฐฐ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ๋‹ด๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋งคํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–ด์ฒ˜๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ๋„ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 28์„ธ. ์ฒญ๋…„ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ์Šค์Šน์˜ ํ”์ ์ด ์ง™๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋– ๋Œ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์ง€์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ–‰์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€๋ผ(Megara), ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„ ํ‚ค๋ ˆ๋„ค(Cyrene), ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ์น ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ฌ(Isola di Sicilia)โ€ฆโ€ฆ. ์ Š์€ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ณ ํ–‰์€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์œ ์–ธ์€ ์•…๋ฒ•๋„ ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(Dura lex sed lex)๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, โ€˜์•„์Šคํด๋ ˆํ”ผ์˜ค์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋นš์ง„ ๋‹ญ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐš์•„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ.(Pay it back for the chicken you owe Asclepius.)โ€™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์‹ค์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์œ ์–ธ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ƒ‰์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์„œ์–‘ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€(the first institution of higher learning in the Western world) ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„(Akadฤ“meรญฤ) ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž : ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค(Plato)์˜ ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„, ์„œ์–‘ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€(the first institution of higher learning in the Western world) ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„(Akadฤ“meรญฤ)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋นผ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์•ผ ๊ฐ์ข… ์žฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ฌดํ›„๋ฌดํ•œ ์ผ์ด์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ด๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—, ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋กœ์จ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ „๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„(Akadฤ“meรญฤ)๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Academy)์˜ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์งˆ ๋งŒํผ ์œ ์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ, ์œ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋‹ˆ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค 1์„ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋‹ˆ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค ๋Œ€์ œ(Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, AD482~AD565)๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ์‡„๋ฅผ ๋ช…๋ นํ•œ ์„œ๊ธฐ 529๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌด๋ ค 900์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์กด์†ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฉ”์ด์•„๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šคยท๋กœ๋งˆ์‹ ํ™”์˜ ์˜์›… ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฌด์Šค(Academus) ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ ๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋‹จ๋ˆ 20๋ฏธ๋‚˜(Twenty Minas) ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž : ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ƒ์• ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์ƒ์ „ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์‹œ์น ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ฌ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž ๋””์˜ค๋‹ˆ์‹œ์šฐ์Šค(Dionysius)์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ ์˜ํ•ด ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฉด ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ด์žฅ์ด ์ •์น˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŒŒ๋ฉด์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€, ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ๊ฒฉ์ด์ง€์š”. ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ํ‚ค๋ ˆ๋„ค ์ฒ ํ•™์ž(Cyrenaic philosopher) ์•„๋‹ˆ์ผ€๋ฆฌ์Šค(Anniceris)์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ผ€๋ฆฌ์Šค(Anniceris)๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ๋‹จ๋ˆ 20๋ฏธ๋‚˜(Twenty Minas)! ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ์ž์ œ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์žŠ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€์ด๊ธด ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ •์น˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž์™€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋Š” ์ฉ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ •๊ณ„์—์„œ ํŽผ์นœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ž์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ด๋„ค์š”.

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โ–ถ ์Šค์Šน ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธ(Plato's Dialogues) : ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‘” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์—์„œ ์„ ํ’์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋˜ ๋น„๊ทน ๊ฒฝ์—ฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„๊ทน์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์ค‘ ๋””์˜ค๋‹ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ทน์žฅ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋‹ต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์•ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถˆํƒœ์›Œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์ œ์ž๋กœ ์ž…๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›—๋‚  ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” 30์—ฌ ํŽธ์˜ โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํŽธโ€™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œ์ž ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šน ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์กฐ ๊ฟˆ ์ผํ™”๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์— ์•‰ํ˜€ ๋†“์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐโ€ฆโ€ฆ. ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ž ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ๊ธˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฑ์กฐ๋กœ๊ตฐ!!

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โ–ถ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘?! ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ(Platonic Love) : ์œก์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์—๋กœ์Šค์™€ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ(Platonic love)๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘โ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ?! ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ โ€˜์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘โ€™์ด๋ผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ›„๋Œ€์˜ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ๋งˆ๋ฅด์‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ”ผ์น˜๋…ธ(Marsilio Ficino, 1433~1499)๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ๋ฅด์‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ”ผ์น˜๋…ธ์˜ ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•ด ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 17์„ธ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋ฐ๋ฒ„๋„ŒํŠธ(William Davenant, 1606~1668)๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ์—ฐ์ธ๋“ค(The Platonick Lovers, 1635)์ด๋ž€ ํฌ๊ณก์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋ฐ๋ฒ„๋„ŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ›„์›์ž ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ์ œ๋ฅด๋ฏผ(Henry Jermyn, 1605~1684)์—๊ฒŒ ํ—Œ์ •ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋‹‰ ์—ฐ์ธ๋“ค 1635๋Š” ํ’์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ž์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋”” ์žฅ๋ฅด๋กœ 1635๋…„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ”„๋ผ์ด์–ด์Šค ๊ทน์žฅ(Blackfriars Theatre)์—์„œ ์ดˆ์—ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด, ์ •๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด(ๆญฃๅคš้ข้ซ”, Platonic Solid) : โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒดโ€™๋ž€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ •๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด๋Š” โ€˜๋ณผ๋ก ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์ด ํ•ฉ๋™์ธ ์ •๋‹ค๊ฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„ํ˜•โ€™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์‚ฌ๋ฉด์ฒด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์œก๋ฉด์ฒด, ์ •ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด, ์ •์‹ญ์ด๋ฉด์ฒด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์ด์‹ญ๋ฉด์ฒด๊นŒ์ง€ 5์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค ์ด์ „์—๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ‹ฐ๋งˆ์ด์˜ค์Šค(Timaeus)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์›์†Œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ฒด(Platonic Solid)๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์Šค์นด์ด TV(Skai TV) ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ 100์ธ(100 Greatest Greeks, 2009) 9์œ„! : ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์Šค์นด์ด TV๋Š” 2008๋…„ 4์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์ž๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ 100์ธ(100 Greatest Greeks, 2009)์„ ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1์œ„๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ๋Œ€์™•(Alexander the Great, BC356~BC323)์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค(Socrates, BC470?~BC399) 5์œ„, ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค(Aristoteles, BC384~BC322) 6์œ„, ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค 9์œ„, ํŽ˜๋ฆฌํด๋ ˆ์Šค(Perikles, BC495?~BC429) 10์œ„ ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒŒ์˜ค๋ฅด์š”์Šค ํŒŒํŒŒ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์šฐ(George Papanicolaou, 1883~1962), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋…๋ฆฝ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€ ํ…Œ์˜ค๋„๋ฃจ์Šค ์ฝœ๋กœ์ฝ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์Šค(Theodoros Kolokotronis, 1770~1843), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋ˆ„์Šค ์นด๋ผ๋งŒ๋ฆฌ์Šค(Konstantinos Karamanlis, 1907~1998), ์ด๋ฆฌ ์—˜๋ ˆํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์Šค ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์ ค๋กœ์Šค(Eleftherios Venizelos, 1864~1936), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์š”์•ˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์นดํฌ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์Šค(Ioannis Kapodistrias, 1776~1831) ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฏ์„  ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย 

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