This volume contains the Proceedings of the V Meeting Italian/American Philosophy on the Theme "Autonomy of Reason?" that took place in Rome from the 16th to the 19th October 2007. Reason that is purely autonomous in self-legislating is completely empty and impotent or incapable of self-determination. Self-determination exists only in that realm of the spirit that is not simply the realm of ends, but a historical society based on reciprocal recognition that is established through law, and finally freely self-determined only through acting in a state that has as its last end the achievement of freedom.