Charles Darwin (1809–1882) stands as a monumental figure in the history of science, renowned for his pioneering work in evolutionary biology. His name is most famously associated with the book 'On the Origin of Species' (1859), in which he introduced the theory of natural selection, forever altering our understanding of life on Earth. However, his later work, 'The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex' (1871), further solidified his position in the scientific community by expanding the theory of evolution to include the origins of humankind and addressing sexual selection as a distinct form of natural selection. Darwin's profound influence on both science and popular thought cannot be overstated — his ideas challenged traditional beliefs and paved the way for a new era of scientific inquiry. His writings were characterized by a meticulous collection of evidence and clear, persuasive argumentation. The intellectual legacy Darwin left behind continues to shape fields as diverse as biology, anthropology, psychology, and philosophy. His works are essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the underpinnings of evolutionary theory and the historical context of its development. His literary style is marked by a careful and methodical approach, reflecting his deep commitment to empirical evidence and logical reasoning.