اس ای بک کے بارے میں
Recent advances in science and technology have led to a rapid increase
in the complexity of most engineered systems. In many notable cases,
this change has been a qualitative one rather than merely one of magnitude.
A new class of Complex Engineered Systems (CES) has emerged as a result
of technologies such as the Internet, GPS, wireless networking, micro-robotics, MEMS, fiber-optics and nanotechnology. These complex engineered systems are composed of many heterogeneous subsystems and are characterized by observable complex behaviors that emerge as a result of nonlinear spatio-temporal interactions among the subsystems at several levels of organization and abstraction. Examples of such systems include the World-Wide Web, air and ground traffic networks, distributed manufacturing environments, and globally distributed supply networks, as well as new paradigms such as self-organizing sensor networks, self-configuring robots, swarms of autonomous aircraft, smart materials and structures, and self-organizing computers. Understanding, designing, building and controlling such complex systems is going to be a central challenge for engineers in the coming decades.
in the complexity of most engineered systems. In many notable cases,
this change has been a qualitative one rather than merely one of magnitude.
A new class of Complex Engineered Systems (CES) has emerged as a result
of technologies such as the Internet, GPS, wireless networking, micro-robotics, MEMS, fiber-optics and nanotechnology. These complex engineered systems are composed of many heterogeneous subsystems and are characterized by observable complex behaviors that emerge as a result of nonlinear spatio-temporal interactions among the subsystems at several levels of organization and abstraction. Examples of such systems include the World-Wide Web, air and ground traffic networks, distributed manufacturing environments, and globally distributed supply networks, as well as new paradigms such as self-organizing sensor networks, self-configuring robots, swarms of autonomous aircraft, smart materials and structures, and self-organizing computers. Understanding, designing, building and controlling such complex systems is going to be a central challenge for engineers in the coming decades.
اس ای بک کی درجہ بندی کریں
ہمیں اپنی رائے سے نوازیں۔
پڑھنے کی معلومات
اسمارٹ فونز اور ٹیب لیٹس
Android اور iPad/iPhone.کیلئے Google Play کتابیں ایپ انسٹال کریں۔ یہ خودکار طور پر آپ کے اکاؤنٹ سے سینک ہو جاتی ہے اور آپ جہاں کہیں بھی ہوں آپ کو آن لائن یا آف لائن پڑھنے دیتی ہے۔
لیپ ٹاپس اور کمپیوٹرز
آپ اپنے کمپیوٹر کے ویب براؤزر کا استعمال کر کے Google Play پر خریدی گئی آڈیو بکس سن سکتے ہیں۔
ای ریڈرز اور دیگر آلات
Kobo ای ریڈرز جیسے ای-انک آلات پر پڑھنے کے لیے، آپ کو ایک فائل ڈاؤن لوڈ کرنے اور اسے اپنے آلے پر منتقل کرنے کی ضرورت ہوگی۔ فائلز تعاون یافتہ ای ریڈرز کو منتقل کرنے کے لیے تفصیلی ہیلپ سینٹر کی ہدایات کی پیروی کریں۔
