English Causative Sentences: Active and Passive Causatives

Manik Joshi‏

دی ۲۰۱۴ · English Daily Use کتاب 6 · Manik Joshi

درباره این ای-کتاب

This Book Covers The Following Topics:

 

What are “Causative Sentences”?

Causative Sentences -- HAVE

Structure 1(A) ---- Active Causative Structure

Structure 1(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure

Structure 2(A) ---- Active Causative Structure

Structure 2(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure

Structure 3(A) ---- Active Causative Structure

Structure 3(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure

Causative Verb ‘Have’ and Tense Change

Causative Sentences -- GET

Structure (1) ---- Active Causative Structure

Structure (2) ---- Passive Causative Structure

Causative Verb ‘Get’ and Tense Change

Causative Sentences -- MAKE

Causative Sentences -- LET

Causative Sentences -- HELP

Sentences with Verb ‘Cause’

Other ‘Causative Verbs’

Use of ‘Modal Verbs’ with Causative Verbs

Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B)

Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B)

Exercises: 3(A) and 3(B)

Exercises: 4(A) and 4(B)

 

 

Sample This:

 

What are “Causative Sentences”?

 

In a causative, a person or thing does not perform an action directly. The subject (person or thing) causes it to happen by forcing, persuading, assisting, etc. an agent (another person or thing) to perform it. The subject (person or thing) does not carry out an action oneself but rather has the action done by an agent (another person or thing).

 

Examples:

The faulty design caused a bridge to collapse.

Modern lifestyles cause children and adults to spend most of their time indoors.

Rain caused water to collect on the road.

She caused the needle to run.

 

 

Causative verbs – Have, Get, Make, Let, Help -- Comparison

Causative ‘Have’ has less force and authority than Causative ‘Get’.

Causative ‘Get’ has less force and authority than Causative ‘Make’

 

Causative Verb ‘Have’ -- used to express “arrangement/duty/responsibility” [Less Forceful]

Causative Verb ‘Get’ -- used to express “encouragement/persuasion". [Forceful]

Causative Verb ‘Make’ -- used to express "compulsion/insistence/requirement” [Most Forceful]

Causative Verb ‘Let’ -- used to express “permission". [No Force]

Causative Verb ‘Help’ -- used to express “assistance". [No Force]

 

Causative ‘Have’ is more formal than causative ‘Get’.

In the imperative form, causative ‘Get’ is more frequent than causative ‘Have’.

 

 

Types of Causative Verbs

Causative structures are of two types –

(1). ‘Active’ in Nature – (Done By Somebody/Something)

(2). ‘Passive’ in Nature – (Done To Somebody/Something)

Passive causatives are used to take attention away from the doer of the action and give more attention to the action being done.

 

ALSO NOTE:

“Have somebody do something” is more common in American English.

“Get somebody to do something” is more common in British English.

 

All causative verbs are transitive.

 

 

CAUSATIVE VERB – HAVE

Structure 1(A) ---- Active Causative Structure

 

Subject + Have (Causative Verb) + Agent (Someone/Something) + Base Form of Verb + Object (Someone/Something)

 

Example: I have him take my photograph. (Present)

Explanation:

I arrange for my photograph to be taken by him.

[I cause him to take my photograph.]

Therefore, this is like an active causative structure.

 

Example: I had him take my photograph. (Past)

Explanation:

I arranged for my photograph to be taken by him.

[I caused him to take my photograph.]

Therefore, this is like an active causative structure.

 

Example: I will have him take my photograph. (Future)

Explanation:

I will arrange for my photograph to be taken by him.

[I will cause him to take my photograph.]

Therefore, this is like an active causative structure.

 

OTHER EXAMPLES:

 

CAUSATIVE - HAVE --

Have/Has + Someone/Something + Base Form of Verb

Note: This pattern may denote past, present, or future tense based on another verb in the sentence.

 

Her desire to have me write a memoir only raised my stress level.

We are so blessed to have her sing one of our songs.

It is one thing to have somebody else ask him about what he has done and it is quite another to have me ask him.

He refused to have investigation officers search his home.

درباره نویسنده

Manik Joshi was born on January 26, 1979, at Ranikhet, a picturesque town in the Kumaon region of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. He is a permanent resident of the Sheeshmahal area of Kathgodam located in the city of Haldwani in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in India. He completed his schooling in four different schools. He is a science graduate in the ZBC – zoology, botany, and chemistry – subjects. He is also an MBA with a specialization in marketing. Additionally, he holds diplomas in “computer applications”, “multimedia and web-designing”, and “computer hardware and networking”. During his schooldays, he wanted to enter the field of medical science; however, after graduation, he shifted his focus to the field of management. After obtaining his MBA, he enrolled in a computer education center; he became so fascinated with working on the computer that he decided to develop his career in this field. Over the following years, he worked at some computer-related full-time jobs. Following that, he became interested in Internet Marketing, particularly in domaining (business of buying and selling domain names), web design (creating websites), and various other online jobs. However, later he shifted his focus solely to self-publishing. Manik is a nature-lover. He has always been fascinated by overcast skies. He is passionate about traveling and enjoys solo travel most of the time rather than traveling in groups. He is actually quite a loner who prefers to do his own thing. He likes to listen to music, particularly when he is working on the computer. Reading and writing are definitely his favorite pastimes, but he has no interest in sports. Manik has always dreamt of a prosperous life and prefers to live a life of luxury. He has a keen interest in politics because he believes it is politics that decides everything else. He feels a sense of gratification sharing his experiences and knowledge with the outside world. However, he is an introvert by nature and thus gives prominence to only a few people in his personal life. He is not a spiritual man, yet he actively seeks knowledge about the metaphysical world; he is particularly interested in learning about life beyond death. In addition to writing academic/informational text and fictional content, he also maintains a personal diary. He has always had a desire to stand out from the crowd. He does not believe in treading the beaten path and avoids copying someone else’s path to success. Two things he always refrains from are smoking and drinking; he is a teetotaler and very health-conscious. He usually wakes up before the sun rises. He starts his morning with meditation and exercise. Fitness is an integral and indispensable part of his life. He gets energized by solving complex problems. He loves himself the way he is and he loves the way he looks. He doesn’t believe in following fashion trends. He dresses according to what suits him and what he is comfortable in. He believes in taking calculated risks. His philosophy is to expect the best but prepare for the worst. According to him, you can’t succeed if you are unwilling to fail. For Manik, life is about learning from mistakes and figuring out how to move forward.