Historical Dictionary of Portugal: Edition 3

ยท
ยท Scarecrow Press
3,0
1 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ
แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜
428
แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒ“แƒ˜
แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜
แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ˜แƒก 58%-แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ˜: 28 แƒ›แƒแƒ˜

แƒแƒ› แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘

Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. This, in spite of the fact that Portuguese society had received during 2,000 years of infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from her erstwhile overseas empire.

The third edition of Historical Dictionary of Portugal greatly expands on the second edition through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions, as well as on significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects.

แƒจแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

3,0
1 แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ•แƒ

แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘

Douglas L. Wheeler has taught, lectured, and widely published a broad range of scholarly materials since 1961 and who has advanced the study of Portugal in the wider world also through professional journals he edited and research organizations. He has been honored by two decorations awarded in 1993 and 2004 by Portugal's Government.

Walter C. Opello Jr. retired in 2002 from the Department of History at the University of New Hampshire. Since then he has been part-time instructor at the University of New Hampshire and at Granite State College.

แƒจแƒ”แƒแƒคแƒแƒกแƒ”แƒ— แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ˜

แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒ˜.

แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒแƒ™แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—

แƒกแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒคแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒขแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜
แƒ“แƒแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ— Google Play Books แƒแƒžแƒ˜ Android แƒ“แƒ iPad/iPhone แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒแƒฎแƒแƒ แƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒแƒœแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—, แƒฌแƒแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ— แƒกแƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ  แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒช แƒแƒœแƒšแƒแƒ˜แƒœ, แƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ” แƒ แƒ”แƒŸแƒ˜แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜.
แƒšแƒ”แƒžแƒขแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜
Google Play-แƒจแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒซแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒกแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒžแƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘-แƒ‘แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒ–แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒ—.
แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜
แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒฌแƒแƒกแƒแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ Kobo eReaders, แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ— แƒคแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜. แƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒชแƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ”แƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ˜แƒœแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒฃแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ— แƒคแƒแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒญแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒš แƒ”แƒšแƒฌแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ”.