Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman who became famous for his revolutionary theory and works on communism alongside his comrade and friend Karl Marx. Engels was a co-founder of the Marxist theory and a key figure in the development of scientific socialism. Born in Barmen, Prussia, Engels grew up in a family of wealthy textiles manufacturers but diverged from his background to pursue a fervent interest in the plight of the working class. His observation of the condition of workers in England culminated in one of his early and notable works, 'The Condition of the Working Class in England' (1845). Engels and Marx together authored 'The Communist Manifesto' (1848), a seminal text of modern communism. In 'Landmarks of Scientific Socialism: "Anti-Dühring"' (1878), Engels aims to refute the ideas of Eugen Dühring, a socialist thinker who opposed Marxist views at the time. This work is significant for detailing a comprehensive exposition of Marxist theory, including philosophy, political economy, and socialism, and is often regarded as one of Engels's most important contributions to Marxist literature. Engels's writing and thought have been highly influential in the formulation of Marxist doctrine, instrumental in developing a systematic approach towards historical materialism and the critique of capitalist society. His scholarly style is characterized by an incisive analysis of economic and social history, integrated with a belief in the progression towards a more equitable society through socialism.