The complexity of 21st century social and economic problems necessitates a thorough reworking of conceptual political philosophy outlooks in a context of unprecedented political and environmental concerns. This book will result in significant progress toward a philosophy of social justice by renewing the relationship between political life and ethical choices oriented to social well-being. To address social justice, we must be able to reinterpret social challenges from new perspectives. The dialogue between Saint Augustine and relevant political philosophers allows for a discussion that may lead to the development of new frameworks and answers. This book certainly prepares the reader for current, real-world social justice debates.