Measuring Outward Orientation in Developing Countries: Can it be Done?, Volume 566

Lant Pritchett

Jan 1991 · World Bank Publications

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That alternative objective summary measures of outward orientation produce entirely different country rankings is probably not an astounding revelation. Trade regulations and barriers are generally complex legally and even more opaque in their actual administration. The hope that any reasonably straightforward summary measure could produce a correct ranking of countries has always been treated skeptically and - disappointingly - rightly so.